Gabon. Mpongwe. 1485 Portugal. 1839 France 1889 «Congo. 1910 French Equatorial Africa. 1940 Free France. 1946 French Territory. 1960 Independent republic.

Mandate, League of Nations. Territory controlled by outside power. E.g. ex-German colonies, non-Turkish ex-Ottoman lands. 1946- UN Trusteeship.

Mehmed I. -1421. Ottoman sultan. Restored by Tamerlane; re-united Ottoman territory.

Mexican War. 1846-8. US acquires western territory (5 states). Guadalupe-Hidalgo. 1861-4. Napoleon III conquers Mexico, installs Emperor Maximilian.

New Caledonia. 1774 Cook discovers. 1843 French. 1864-94 Penal colony. 1954 French Overseas Territory.

Northern War, First. 1655-60. Sweden vs Poland and allies. Sweden wins Danish territory. Poland renounces claim to Swedish throne.

Papal States. 756-1870. Italian territory under Pope. Recognized 1279 by HRE; lost during Italian Unification. Pepin Donation.

Paris, Treaties. 1229 Ends Albigensian Crusade. Louis gains Toulouse. 1327. England loses territory to France. 1763 Ends Seven Years War. Britain gets French holdings in Canada. Spain gets American territory. 1783 Ends American Revolution. US borders fixed. 1814 Ends Napoleonic Wars, restoring 1792 borders. Napoleon exiled to Elba. 1815 Ends Hundred Days. 1790 borders, reparations. Napoleon to St. Helena. 1856 Ends Crimean War. Black Sea neutral. Regulated Laws of High Seas. 1898 Ends Spanish American War. Spain cedes Cuba, Philippines, Puerto Rico to US. 1947. Settled European borders after WWII.

Partisans. Armed resistance in occupied territory. Yugoslav resistance under Tito, 1941-5.

Polish Corridor. 1919-39. Baltic territory dividing east Prussia from Germany. Nazis invade 1939.

Prince Rupert’s Land. Hudson Bay drainage area, NW Territory.

Pruth, Treaty. 1711. Ends Russo-Turkish War. Turkey regains territory.

Somerset. 2nd duke. c1406-1455. English general. Lost English territory in France. Quarrel with Duke of York led to War of Roses.

St Pierre and Miquelon. 1635 French occupy. 17, 18C French, English dispute. 1814 French. 1947 French Overseas Territory.

Teschen Dispute. 1919. Poland, Czechoslovakia battle over industrial, coal-mining territory.

Transkei. Bantu territory of South Africa. 1962 Self government. 1976 Independence recognized, but only by South Africa.

Venezuela Boundary Dispute. 19C over border with British Guiana. 1899 Most territory to Britain. Monroe Doctrine.

Versailles, Treaty. 1783. Recognized US Independence. 1871. Bismarck wins Franco-Prussian war. 1919. Ended WWI. Founded League of Nations. Germans to cede territory and pay reparations of £6.6/$32B. Only 1/8 paid when cancelled in 1932. US did not ratify.

Viceroy. Governor of a territory in name of monarch.

Wyoming. 1869 First US territory to give women vote. 1925 First US woman governor.