Women’s Christian Temperance Union. 1874. US movement vs alcoholic drink.

Wood, Grant. 1892-1942. US midwest regionalist painter. American Gothic 1930.

Woolf, Virginia. 1882-1941. English psychological stream of consciousness writer. Captured transience and subtlety of thought. Bloomsbury Group. Mrs Dalloway 1925. To the Lighthouse 1927. Waves 1931.

World Court. 1899 Permanent Court of Arbitration. 1921 Hague Conference created Permanent Court of International Justice. 1945 International Court of Justice.

World War I. 1914-18. Allies-France, British Empire, Russia, Italy, US(1917-) vs Central Powers-Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire. Caused by Nationalist movements, Balkan instability, trade rivalry, alliances. 30M casualties. First tanks, chemical, planes, submarines. Ended Russian, Ottoman, Austria-Hungarian Empires.

World War II. 1939-45. Allies-Britain, France, US(1941-), Russia(1941-) vs Axis-Italy, Germany, Japan, Russia(-1941). Caused by German Totalitarian expansionism resulting from WWI reparations and fear of Communism. 55M dead. 35M wounded. 30M refugees. Cost $US 1500B. Led to United Nations, Soviet power, State of Israel, atomic weapons.

WorldTradeCenter, 1972-2001. New York. Attacked 1993, destroyed September 11, 2001 by al-Qaeda terrorists. Osama bin Laden.

Worms, Concordat of. 1122. Agreement between Pope Calixtus and Emperor Henry V to share power to appoint bishops and abbots. Spiritualia, regalia vested separately.

Worms, Diet of. 1521. Called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Lutheranism outlawed. Luther declared heretic, exiled. Reformation.

Wounded Knee. 1890. 200 Sioux Indians massacred by US troops.

WPA. Works Progress Administration. 1935-43. Employed 8.5M on public works in US during Depression.

Wren, Christopher. 1632-1723. English architect. Anglicized Classicism based on French and Dutch influence. Rebuilt 50 churches after 1666 London fire. St. Paul’s 1675. Greenwich Observatory 1675. Associated with craftsmanship of Tijou, Gibbons, Thornhill, Cibber. Sheldonian Theatre 1662. Trinity College Library 1676.

Wright, Frank Lloyd. 1869-1959. US “organic” architect. Introduced glass and steel forms. Guggenhem Museum 1943-59. Taliesin West 1938.

Wright, Wilbur. 1867-1912, Orville. 1871-1948. Aviation pioneer. First sustained controlled heavier than air flight, 1903.

Wu P’ei-fu. 1873-1939. Warlord. Fought, failed to unify China 1916-26.

Wyandotte Constitution. 1859. Conclusion of Bleeding Kansas. Rejected slavery, women’s suffrage.

Wyat, Thomas. 1503-42. English poet. Introduced Italian sonnet form to English.

Wyat’s Insurrection. 1554. Failed march on London vs Mary’s marriage to Philip II of Spain. Wyat (son of Thomas Wyat) beheaded.

Wycherley, William. 1640-1716. English satirical Restoration dramatist: Country Wife 1675. Plain Dealer 1676.

Wyclif(fe), John. c1330-84. English religious reformer. Lollard leader. Advocated religion from within rather than mechanical practice. Began First English translation of bible.

Wyeth, Andrew. 1917-2009. US realist painter. Christina’s World 1948.

Wyoming. 1869 First US territory to give women vote. 1925 First US woman governor.

Wyoming Massacre. 1778. British Loyalists, Indians attack American settlement while men away in Washington’s army. 360 women, children killed.

Xanthippe. c5C BC. Socrates’ carping wife.

Xanthos, Sieges. Lycians defend against: 546BC Persians. 43BC Romans. Residents commit mass suicide both times. Asia Minor.

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