Stalin, Joseph. 1879-1953. Soviet bloodthirsty revolutionary. Leader 1924-. 5 Year Plans modernized Russia. 1928 Collectivization. 1932- Dictator. 1936-8 Purge. Turned Marxism to Nationalism and Imperialism. World Socialist Revolution under USSR. 1952 abolished Politburo.

Stalin Line. Soviet defensive fortifications along Polish border.

Stalingrad. Tsaritsyn. 1925 =Stalingrad. 1961 =Volgograd.

Stalingrad, Battle. 1942-3. Russian victory over Germans. Turning point of WWII.

Stamboliyski, Aleksandur. 1879-1923. Bulgarian Prime Minister, Dictator 1919-. Killed in right-wing coup.

Stambolov, Stefan. 1854-95. Bulgarian regent 1886-7. Prime Minister 1887-94. Dismissed by Ferdinand, murdered.

Standard Time. 1884. Standardized one hour divisions from Greenwich. Fleming.

Stanislavsky, Konstantin. 1863-1938. Russian director. Founded Moscow Art Theater 1898. Method Acting.

Stanislaw I. 1677-1766. Polish king 1704-9, 1733-5. 1733 return sparked War of Polish Succession.

Stanislaw II. 1732-98. Last king of Poland 1764-95. Installed by his lover Catherine II.

Stanley, Henry. 1841-1904. British/US explorer in Africa 1868-95. Found Livingstone 1871. Founded Congo Free State.

Star Chamber. 1327-1641. English tribunal to try offences against the state. Abused by Charles I.

Starr, Belle. 1848-89. US horse thief, frontier heroine.

States’ Rights. US political doctrine. Restricts federal power.

Stauffenberg, Claus von. 1907-44. Failed attempt to assassinate Hitler 1944.

Stavisky Affair. 1933-4. French scandal. Fraudulent bonds sold. Belief in government corruption causes riots.

Steen, Jan. 1626-79. Dutch painter. Humourous, everyday scenes. Christening Feast 1664.

Stefan Dushan. 1308-55. Serbian king/Emperor 1331-. Conquered Albania, Bulgaria, Macedonia. Law Code 1349-54.

Steffens, Lincoln. 1866-1936. US Muckraker.

Stein, Gertrude. 1874-1946. US avante-garde writer. Autobiography of Alice B Toklas 1933. Coined “Lost Generation”.

Stein, Karl, Freiherr von. 1757-1831. Reforming Prussian statesman helped abolish serfdom.

Steinbeck, John. 1902-68. US writer. Grapes of Wrath 1933.

Steiner, Jakob. 1796-1863. Swiss/German mathematician. Pioneered synthetic geometry.

Steiner, Rudolf. 1861-1925. Founded Anthroposophical Society 1912.

Steinway, Henry. 1797-1871. German/US innovative piano manufacturer.

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