Salpêtrière. 1656. Established by Louis XIV to care for the 55,000 beggars on the streets of Paris. Pinel.

Salvi, Niccolò. 1697-1751. Italian sculptor. Trevi Fountain 1732.

Salzburg Synod. 800. Confirmed December 25 date of nativity as observed since 690.

Samanids. 819-999. Persian native dynasty. Flourishing of arts.

Samudra Gupta. -c380. Hindu Indian Emperor. c330-. Expanded empire. Poet, musician, soldier.

San Francisco, Conference. 1945. Signing of United Nations charter.

San Ildefonso, Treaty. 1796. France, Spain allied vs England. 1801 Secret exchange: Louisiana to France, Etruria to Spain.

San Jacinto, Battle. 1836. Mexican defeat means Texas indepence. Mexican War.

San Juan Boundary Dispute. 1846-72. Britain/US. San Juan islands to US.

San Juan Hill, Battle. 1898. Part of Battle of Santiago. US defeat Spain in Cuba. Roosevelt. Rough Riders.

San Marino. 301 St Marinus the Dalmation settles. 1463 expanded. 1600 Constitution. Oldest, smallest independent republic.

San Martin, José de. 1778-1850. South American independence leader with Bolivar vs Spain in Argentina, Chile, Peru.

San Stefano, Treaty. 1878. Ended Russo-Turkish War. Independence for Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria. Congress of Berlin.

Sancho III. c992-1035. King of Navarre 1000-. Unified Spain. Re-divided it in his will.

Sanctuary, Right of. Established 4C Rome. England until 1623 (criminal), 18C (civil). Europe until 1789. Asylum in church for 1 month.

Sand, George (Aurore Dupin). 1804-76. French writer. Lélia 1833. Mauprat 1837.

Sand Creek Massacre. 1864. Settlers ignore truce flag, kill Cheyenne Indians. = Chivington Massacre.

Sandinistas. 1962-. Nicaraguan Communist guerilla group vs Somoza. Governed 1980-89, despite US Funded Contra rebellion.

Sandwich, Montagu, 4th earl. 1718-92. British politician. Invented sandwich 1762.

Sandys, Edwin. 1561-1629. English parliamentarian. His ideas helped overthrow Charles I.

Sangallo, Antonio da, the Younger. 1483-1546. Florentine architect. Rome’s Palazzo Farnese 1534-46.

Sanger, Margaret. 1883-1966. US feminist. Jailed for birth control clinic 1916.

Sanhedrin. -70. Jerusalem council of Jewish elders.

Sanskrit. Ancient, now sacred Hindu language.

Sansovino, Jacopo. 1486-1570. Florentine sculptor, architect. Introduced High Renaissance to Venice. Library of St. Mark’s.

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