Ramanuja. 1017-1137. Hindu leader of Vaishnava sect.

Ramillies, Battle. 1706. Churchill wins most of Belgium for Britain from France.

Ramiro I. First King of Aragon 1035-63. Took lands from brother and Moors.

Ramuz, Charles. 1878-1947. Swiss novelist: Terror on the Mountain 1925. Beauty on Earth 1927. Soldier’s Tale.

Rand, Ayn. 1905-82. Russian/US Objectivist novelist. Fountainhead 1943. Atlas Shrugged 1957.

Randolph, A. Philip. 1889-1979. US black civil rights/labor leader. March on Washington 1963.

Randolph, Peyton. 1721-75. American Revolutionary, first president of Continental Congress 1774.

Ranjit Singh. 1780-1839. Maharaja of Punjab. Founded Sikh kingdom in N India.

Ranke, Leopold von. 1795-1886. German scientific histographer.-“Historical events must be described in their own terms”.

Rankin, Jeanette. 1880-1973. First US Congresswoman. 1917-9, 1941-3. Only vote against declaring war on Japan. WWII.

Rapallo Treaty. 1920. Italy,Yugoslavia establish free city of Rijeka, settle borders. 1922 Normalized relations of Germany, USSR. Cancelled war indemnities.

Raphaël. 1483-1520. Italian High Renaissance classical painter, sculptor, architect. Vatican frescoes 1508-11. Madonnas 1505-7. Sistine Madonna 1513. Julius II.

Rappites. 19C. Christian communities in Germany, US.

Rasputin, Grigori. 1872-1916. Russian adventurer, mystic. Influential in court of Nicholas II, 1906-. Murdered.

Rathenau. Walter. 1867-1922. German industrialist, statesman. Organized economy for WWI. Assassinated.

Rationalism. All truth can be arrived at through thought alone. vs Empiricism. Descartes. Spinoza.

Ravachol, François. 1859-92. French anarchist. Guillotined.

Ravaillac, Francois. 1578-1610. Assassin of Henry IV. Quartered.

Ravenna. 402 Western Roman Empire capital. 476 Ostrogothic capital of Italy. 553 Byzantine. 751 Lombard. 754 Franks. 1278 Papal States. 1441 Venice. 1509 Papal States. 1859 Sardinia. 1861 Italy.

Ray, Man. 1890-1976. US Dada painter/photographer.

Ray, Rammohan. 1772-1833. Indian Hindu scholar, translator. Helped abolish suttee.

Rayburn, Sam. 1882-1961. US Democratic Speaker of House. 48 yrs. in House of Representatives.

Raymond VI. 1156-1222. Fought Albigenses in Crusade.

Realism. 19C art movement concerned with recording everyday life. Courbet.

Realism. General concepts have an existence independent of material things or names. Plato. St Anselm.

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