Mergenthaler, Ottmar. 1854-99. Linotype 1884.

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. 1908-61. French philosopher blending existentialism, Marxism, phenomenology.

Merlin. Wizard of Arthurian legend.

Mermaid Tavern. 15C-1666. London meeting place of Shakespeare, Jonson, Donne et al.

Merneptah. -1223BC. Egyptian king 1236BC-. Exodus.

Merovingians. 476-751. Frankish dynasty. Childeric founded; Clovis expanded empire to modern France, Germany, Belgium, N Italy. Austrasia, Neustria; 534+Burgundy. Clotaire. Carolingians.

Merrimack. 1862. Fought Monitor in first battle of iron-clad ships. American Civil War.

Mers-el-Kébir. 1940 British sink French fleet so Axis can’t seize them. French bomb Gibraltar.

Mersen, Treaty. 870. Divided Lotharingia. Charles II and Louis the German establish French/German frontier.

Mesopotamia. 5000BC. Tigris-Euphrates river plain where civilization began. 550BC Persia. 331BC Alexander. 115 Rome. 637 Moslem. 13C Mongol. 1534 Ottoman. Babylon. Akkad. Ur. Iraq.

Messenian Wars. 735-715BC. Sparta dominates Messenia. 650-600BC Sparta crushes revolt.

Messiaen, Olivier. 1908-92. Revolutionary French composer. Experimented with Indian music, bird song, complex rhythms, unusual instruments.

Messina. 730BC Greek. 396BC Carthage. 264BC Independent. 535 Byzantine. 843 Saracens sack. 1061 Norman...«Sicily.

Metaphysical Painting. 1911-20. Bizarre surreal imagery in stark landscape. De Chirico.

Metaphysical Poets. 17C. Witty English intellectual lyric poets. Donne.

Metaurus, Battle. 207BC. Rome defeats Carthaginian invasion in 2nd Punic War.

Metaxas, Ioannis. 1871-1941. Greek dictator 1936-. Repelled Italian invasion 1940.

Metellus, Macedonicus. -115BC. Roman censor. Advocated compulsory marriage to increase birthrate 131BC.

Metéora. Built 12C-1458. Greece. Monasteries perched on 1000’ pinnacles and crags.

Methodism. Protestant religious movement founded by Wesley 1729. Moravian, Calvinistic evangelical.

Methuen Treaty. 1703-1836. Reduced duty on port wine to England, textiles to Portugal. Hindered Portuguese industrial development.

Métis. Mixed European/native race in Canada, N US. Riel.

Metternich, Fürst von. 1773-1859. Austrian prince, chancellor, defender of Absolutism. Quadruple Alliance vs Napoleon. Holy Alliance. Architect of Vienna Congress, 1814.

Mexican War. 1846-8. US acquires western territory (5 states). Guadalupe-Hidalgo. 1861-4. Napoleon III conquers Mexico, installs Emperor Maximilian.

Mexican War of Independence. 1810-21. Hidalgo leads indep from Spain. Iturbide.

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