Lesotho. Basutoland. c1800 Basotho kingdom. 1868 British. 1871 Cape Colony. 1884 British colony. 1966 Independent kingdom of Lesotho.

Lesseps, Ferdinand. 1805-94. French engineer. Suez Canal 1869. Corinth Canal. Designed and began Panama Canal 1881-89.

Lessing, Doris. 1919-. Iran./Rhodesian/British novelist. The Children of Violence 1964.

Lessing, Gotthold. 1729-81. German Movement dramatist. Laokoon 1765. Minna von Barnheim 1767. Nathan the Wise 1779.

Lethe. Greek mythical river of forgetfulness in Hades.

Leucippus. -440BC. Greek philosopher. Atomism. “Nothing occurs at random”.

Leuctra, Battle. 371BC. Thebes defeats Sparta, signalling decline.

Leutze, Emanuel. 1816-68. US painter. Washington Crossing the Delaware 1851.

Levi, Primo. 1919-87. Italian writer. Survival in Auschwitz 1947. Periodic Table 1975.

Lewes, Battle. 1264. English barons capture Henry III and Prince Edward, force concessions.

Lewis, Sinclair. 1885-1951. US writer of small town life: Babbit 1922. Elmer Gantry 1927.

Lexington and Concord, Battle. 1775. First American Revolution battle. British march on Concord supply depot. Established guerilla warfare as colonist strategy. 273 British, 95 Americans killed. Paul Revere.

Leyte Gulf, Battle. Philippine Sea Battle.

Lhato Nyan-tsen. First king of Tibet.

L’Hôpital, Michel de. 1505-73. French statesman, urged tolerance during the Wars of Religion.

Li Po. 701-62. Chinese free spirited, playful, fantasy poet. Drowned, drunk, reaching for moon’s reflection.

Li Tzu-ch’eng. 1605-45. Chinese rebel. Overthrew Ming dynasty 1644. Defeated by Manchu.

Li Yüan. 566-635. First Tang Emperor of China 618-27. Led revolt 617, aided by Turks.

Libby, Willard. 1908-80. US chemist. Carbon 14 dating 1947.

Liber. Roman god of wine, fertility...Bacchus. = Dionysus.

Liberalism. 19C. Movement for freedom of the individual, democracy. Bentham. Mill. Spencer. 20C. Movement to free individuals from economic restraint by social welfare programs.

Liberalism, Economic. 19C. Striving for personal profits and liberty. Manchester School. Cobden.

Liberalism, Theological. 17C. Religious inquiry based on reason vs authority.

Liberty Affair. 1768. British sieze Hancock’s sloop ’Liberty’ smuggling wine to Boston.

Liberty Bell. 1753. Independence Hall, Philadelphia. Cracked 1835.

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