Israelites. -930BC. Descendants of Jacob. 930BC- Inhabitants of N Palestine vs Judah. Jews who are not Cohens or Levites.

Isthmian Games. 582BC-393 AD. Corinthian athletic, musical competitions. Olympics.

Italian East Africa. 1936-41. Italian colonies in Africa. Ethiopia, Eritrea, Italian Somaliland.

Italian Wars. 1494-1559. Spain, HRE defeat France for control of Italy.

Italo-Ethiopian War. 1935-6. Italy conquers Ethiopia. Demonstrated League of Nations ineffectiveness.

Italo-Turkish War. 1911-12. Italy gains Libya and Rhodes. 1911 First offensive use of airplane (vs Libya).

Italy. 1861 Kingdom. 1946 Republic. Rome. Cisalpine Republic. Florence. Lombardy. Sardinia. Sicily. Tuscany. Venice.

Ito Hirobumi. 1841-1909. Westernizing Japanese statesman. First Parliament 1890.

Iturbide, Augustin de. 1783-1824. Emperor of Mexico 1822-3. Led Mexican independence movement. Exiled.

Ivan III. The Great. 1440-1505. United Russia 1478. Ended Tartar domination.

Ives, Charles. 1874-1954. First major US composer. Unconventional work anticipates 20C techniques. Very influential on later Americans. 3rd Symphony 1904.

Ivory Coast. Baulé, Kru, Lobi, Senefu. 1895 French West Africa. 1960 Independent republic. Cote d’Ivoire.

Iwo Jima, Battle. 1945. US Marine WWII victory over Japan. 40,000 casualties.

IWW. Industrial Workers of the World. 1905-. Wobblies.

Jackson, A.Y. 1882-1974. Canadian landscape painter. Led Group of Seven.

Jackson, Andrew. 1767-1845. US President 1829-37. General 1812-18. Opposed tarrifs. Retired public debt 1835. Spoils system. Universal white male suffrage. Kitchen Cabinet. New Orleans.

Jacobean Architecture. 1600-1625. English Tudor style refined, restrained and harmonized. U and H plans. Jones.

Jacobins. 1789-94. Robespierre-led radical democratic French Revolutionary group. In power 1793-4. -“Holy League against the enemies of liberty”.

Jacobites. 1688-1753. Supporters of exiled James II and Stuart line after Glorious Revolution. 1715 “Old Pretender” James fails to claim British throne. 1745-6. Bonnie Prince Charlie unable to reclaim throne of England/Scotland. Stuart supporters aided rebels in Scotland and Ireland. Culloden Moor.

Jacquard, Joseph. 1752-1834. French engineer: punched card loom for pattern weaving 1805.

Jacquemart de Hesdin. Court painter: Grandes Heures du Duc de Berry 1409.

Jacquerie Revolt. 1358. French peasants revolt vs tax increases to support Hundred Years War. Marcel.

Jade Emperor. Taoist supreme god of the universe, lives in jade palace.

Jaffna. 14C Tamil kingdom in Sri Lanka. 1617 Portugal. 1656 Dutch. 1796 British.

Jagiello. 14-16C. Dynasty ruling Bohemia, Hungary, Poland, Lithuania.

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