Henry IV. of Navarre. 1553-1610. King of France 1589-. Converted to Catholicism. Edict of Nantes protected Protestant rights. ’Reign of Rebuilding’. Assassinated by Ravaillac. Margaret of France.

Henry V. 1086-1125. German king 1106-, Holy Roman Emperor 1111-. Imprisoned pope 1111, ending investiture controversy. Concordat of Worms.

Henry V. 1387-1422. King of England 1413-. Claimed France. Victor at Agincourt. Treaty of Troyes.

Henry VI. 1421-71. King of England and France 1422-61, 70-1. Founded King’s College Cambridge, Eton. Lost France except Calais. Weakness led to War of Roses. Deposed.

Henry VII. 1457-1509. First Tudor King of England 1485-. Defeated Richard III at Bosworth Field, 1485. Ended War of Roses. United Lancasters, Yorks.

Henry VIII. 1491-1547. King of England 1509-. Executed Thomas More. Established Church of England. Dissolved monasteries. Six wives: Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, Catherine Parr.

Henry the Navigator. 1394-1460. Portuguese prince. Sponsored African exploration. School of Navigation 1423.

Henze, Hans. 1926-. German/Italian composer. Combines German intellectualism with Italian lyricism. We Come to the River 1976.

Heptarchy. 5-9C. Seven kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England: Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, Mercia, E. Anglia, Northumbria. Frequent wars.

Heracleitus. c540-480BC. Greek philosopher. ’The only permanent thing is change.’ Fire is basis of matter.

Herald. Medieval officer who conveyed messages between opposing leaders.

Herbert, Victor. 1859-1924. Irish/US operetta composer. Babes in Toyland 1903.

Hercules, Tower of. Roman lighthouse in Spain, still in use.

Hermitage. 1764. St Petersburg art museum.

Herod. 73-4BC. King of Judaea 37BC-. Massacre of the Innocents.

Herod Antipas. 21BC-39 AD. Galileen king 4BC-. Killed John the Baptist for Salome.

Herodes Atticus. c101-177. Greek/Roman orator, banker. Gave major buildings to Athens.

Hertz, Heinrich. 1857-94. German physicist: electromagnetic waves.

Hessians. German mercenaries fighting for Britain in American Revolution.

Hetaerae. Greek independent courtesans.

Hetarai. 1814-. Secret Greek societies vs infidels.

Hexapolis. 700BC. 6 city trading league. Rhodes.

Heydrich, Reinhard. 1904-42. Deputy head SS. Assassination led to Lidice massacre.

Hieroglyphics. c3400BC-500. Egyptian picture writing system. Rosetta Stone.

Highland Garb Act. 1746-82. Prohibited wearing of tartan.

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