Guido d’Arezzo. c990-1050. Italian Benedictine monk. Invented musical staff.

Guild Socialism. 1900-20. British movement for state- owned, worker-controlled industry.

Guilds. 11C-. Associations of merchants and craftsmen creating monopolistic protection.

Guillotin, Joseph. 1738-1814. Recommended guillotine 1792. Earlier used in Scotland, England.

Guinea. 1663-1817. English gold coin worth £1.05.

Guinea. Fulani, Malinke, Soussou. 18C Moslem. 1882 French 1958 Independent.

Guinea-Bissau. 1446 Tristao discovers. 16-18C Slave source. 1879 Portuguese Guinea. 1974 Independent.

Guinevere. Wife of King Arthur, in love with Sir Lancelot.

Guise, Charles de. 1524-74. Cardinal. Brought Inquisition to France.

Guise, Francois, duc de. 1519-63. Massacred Huguenots at Vassy, 1562, starting War of Religion.

Guise, Henri, duc de. 1550-88. Partipated in St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre. Founded Catholic League 1576. Led revolt against Henry III. Murdered.

Gulf War. 1990-91. Allies (US, Britain, France, Egypt, Syria, Saudi Arabia +26 others) expel Iraq from Kuwait.

Gunpowder Plot. Nov 5, 1605. Conspiracy of Catholics against James I. Betrayed, the Houses of Parliament were not blown up. Guy Fawkes is burned in effigy each year. Catesby.

Gunther. -437. First King of Burgundy, defeated by Huns.

Gupta. c320-550. Indian dynasty.

Gurkhas. Nepal peoples. Fierce British fighting group 1947-.

Gustav I. Vasa. 1496-1560. Elected Swedish king 1523-. Defeated Danes, dissolved Kalmar Union.

Gustav IV. Adolf. 1778-1837. Swedish king 1792-1809. Lost Finland. Overthrown.

Gutenberg, Johannes. 1400-68. German printer, inventor of movable type.

Guthrie, Woody. 1912-67. Populist US singer. This Land is Your Land.

Guyana. Arawak, Carib, Warrau. 1498 Columbus discovers. 16C Dutch settle. 1814 Britain. 1831 Colony =British Guiana. 1966 Independent =Guyana. 1970 Republic.

Gypsies. 16C-. Nomadic peoples with Romany language. Probable Indian origin.

Haakon I. c914-61. Norwegian king c935-. Introduced Christianity to Norway.

Haakon IV. 1204-63. Norwegian king 1217-. Added Greenland and Iceland 1262. Patron of Arts.

Haakon VII. 1872-1957. King of Norway after separation from Sweden, 1905. In exile 1940-45.

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