Gibbon, Grinling. 1648-1720. English woodcarver on Wren’s buildings. St. Paul’s. Blenheim.

Gibbon, John. First heart-lung machine 1953.

Gilbert, Cass. 1859-1934. US architect: Woolworth Building 1908-13.

Gilbert, William. 1540-1603. English scientist. Earth’s magnetic field, 1600. Coined term ’electricity’.

Gilded Age. Post American Civil War period of materialism, questionable ethics. Named by Mark Twain.

Gilgamesh. Legendary Babylonian king. Epic 2000BC includes Great Flood.

Gillette, King. 1855-1932. US safety razor, blade inventor.

Ginsberg, Allen. 1926-97. US Beat poet. Howl 1956.

Giolitti, Giovanni. 1842-1928. Italian Prime Minister 1892~1921. Universal male suffrage 1912.

Giorgione. c1477-1510. Venetian painter. Tempest c1505. Madonna of Castel franco c1504.

Giotto. c1266-1337. Florentine fresco painter. First to abandon Byzantine style. Arena Chapel frescoes 1305. Madonna and Child c1314.

Girondins. 1791-3 Moderate French republicans. Tried to save king’s life. Most executed. Danton.

Girtin, Thomas. 1775-1802. English watercolorist.

Giscard d’Éstaing, Valéry. 1926-. French UDF President 1974-81.

Giulio Romano. 1492-1546. Italian Mannerist painter, architect. Palazzo del Te 1525/6.

Gladiators. 264BC-5C. Roman armed combatants for entertainment.

Gladstone, William. 1809-98. English Liberal reform Prime Minister 1868~94. Secret ballot. Public Education. Irish land reforms.

Glencoe Massacre. 1692. Campbells kill 38 MacDonalds for late oath of allegiance to King William.

Glinka, Mikhail. 1804-57. First important Russian Nationalist composer. A Life for the Czar 1836.

Glyndwr, Owain. Glendower, Owen.

Gnosticism. 1-6C. Heretical Christian sect incorporating mysticism, dualism, Docetism.

Gobelins Tapestry Works. 1440. Established by Jehan Gobelin. Colbert reorganized 1662. Louis XIV sumptuous style. Le Brun. Versailles interiors.

Gobineau, Joseph. 1816-82. Rationalized anti-semitism and Aryan supremacy. Essay on Inequality of Human Races 1353-5.

God. Christian, Judaic, Islamic supreme being. Infinite, omniscient, benevolent creator.

Godfrey of Bouillon. c1061-1100. First Crusade leader. Ruled Palestine 1099-.

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