Fugger. 15-17C. German family of financiers and merchants.

Fuller, R. Buckminster. 1895-1983. US engineer/philosopher. Geodesic Dome.

Fulton, Robert. 1765-1815. US engineer: steam boat Clermont, 1807. Submarine, 1801.

Fundamentalism. 1920-. US conservative Protestant movement. Strict scriptural interpretation.

Funk, Casimir. 1884-1967. Polish/US discoverer of vitamins.

Furetière, Antoine. 1619-88. French satirist/lexicographer. Nouvelle Allégorique 1658. Universal Dictionary 1684.

Fürstenbund. “League of Princes” 1785. Prussian-led association of German states vs Joseph II.

Futurism. 1909-1915. Italian artistic movement founded by Marinetti. Glorified machine age, war and violence. Exemplified by simultaneity of images like strobe effect. Boccioni, Balla.

Gabon. Mpongwe. 1485 Portugal. 1839 France 1889 «Congo. 1910 French Equatorial Africa. 1940 Free France. 1946 French Territory. 1960 Independent republic.

Gabor, Dennis. 1900-79. Hungarian/English holograph inventor, 1947.

Gabrieli, Andrea. c1510-86. Venetian church music composer. First to combine voice and instruments in concerto form.

Gabrieli, Giovanni. c1557-1612. Nephew of A. Wrote sacred symphonies of voice and instrument.

Gag Rules. 1836-44. Prevented discussion of anti-slavery bills in US Congress.

Gagarin, Yuri. 1934-68. Soviet cosmonaut, first man in space, 1961.

Gainsborough, Thomas. 1727-88. English portrait and landscape painter. Boy Blue 1770. Watering Place.

Gaiseric. 390-477. Vandal and Alani King 428-. Conquered Roman Africa 429. Sacked Rome 455.

Gaius. 2C. Roman jurist. Institutes 161.

Galapagos. 1535 Berlanga discovers for Spain. 1832 Ecuador. 1835 Darwin visits.

Galicia. 6C Lechs/Ruthenians settle. 10C Russian. 1087 Independent prin. 1241 Mongol. 1349 Pol. 1772 Austrian. 1918 Pol. 1939 USSR(E).

Galilee. N Israel. (Ancient N Palestine). Jesus’ homeland. Absorbed in Arab-Israeli War, 1949.

Galileo Galilei. 1564-1642. Italian physicist. Planetary motion. Thermometer 1592. Acceleration of falling bodies 1604. Astronomical telescope 1609. Sunspots 1610. Arrested for heliocentricity, 1632. Rehabilitated by Vatican 1992. Copernicus.

Galland, Antoine. 1646-1715. French translator of Arabian Nights, introduced the story to Europe 1704.

Gallas, Matthias. 1584-1647. General for Holy Roman Empire during Thirty Years War. Troops annihilated.

Gallic Wars. 58-51BC. Julius Caesar conquers Gauls, last independent Celts on continent.

Gallican Confession. 1559. French Calvinists’ statement of faith.

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