Epidaurus. Ancient Greek healing center.

Épinay, Louise d’. 1726-83. French Enlightenment patroness.

Epiphenomenalism. Mind exists only as a process within the physical system of matter. Cannot exist without it. Hobbes.

Epirus. 3-2C BC. Powerful Greek country under King Pyrrhus.

Epstein, Jacob. 1880-1959. US/British portrait sculptor.

Equatorial Guinea. 10-15C Bubi. 1469 Portugal. 1778 Spain 1827 British base. 1843 Spain. 1964 Self-government. 1968 Independent.

Erasmus, Desiderius. c1466-1536. Dutch Humanist ecclesiastic reform writer. Published first New Testament based on Greek, 1516. Reason over ignorance and superstition. Opposed Luther. Praise of Folly. Enchiridion: Christ requires of us nothing but a pure and sincere life.

Erastus, Thomas. 1524-83. Swiss theologian. Advocated complete domination of state over church.

Erechtheus. King, raised by Athena. First temple on Athens Acropolis. Later deified.

Erhard, Ludwig. 1897-1977. West German Economic Minister 1948-63. Chancellor 1963-6. Architect of economic recovery.

Ericsson, John. 1803-89. Swedish/US. Invented screw propeller, designed Monitor.

Erik IX. -1160. King 1150-, Patron Saint of Sweden. Killed trying to convert Finns.

Erinyes. Greek goddesses of vengeance. =Furies.

Eritrea. 2-9C Aksumite (Ethiopian) Empire. 16C Ottoman. 17-19C Dispute. 1889 Italy. 1941 Britain. 1952 Autonomous within Ethiopian Empire. 1962 Ethiopian province. 1993 Independent.

Erzberger, Matthias. 1875-1921. German statesman. Led signing of 1918 Armistice.

Esau. Son of Isaac, twin brother of Jacob.

Eschine. 390-314BC. Greek orator.

Escurial. 1557. Spanish monastery near Madrid built by Philip II to commemorate St-Quentin victory.

Essex. 6C Saxon kingdom. 860 «Wessex.

Esterhazy, Ferdinand. 1847-1923. French. Sold secrets to Germans. Blamed Dreyfus.

Esther. Old Testament Persian Queen. Saved Jews from extinction.

Estonia. c1000BC Aesti. 9C- Vikings invade. 11,12C Russia, Denmark, Sweden invades. 1219 Denmark. 1346 Teutonic Knights buy. 16C Sweden/Poland/Denmark divide. 17C Sweden. 1721 Russian. 1918 Independent. 1919-33 Unstable governments. 1924 Failed Bolshevik revolution. 1934 Päts coup. 1940 USSR. 1991 Independent.

Ethelbert. 552-616. King of Kent 560-. First Christian Anglo-Saxon king. first extant A-S law code.

Ethelred the Unready. c968-1016. King of English 978-. Unable to defend against Danish raids. Drove them out, 1015.

Ethiopia. c1000BC Semite. 1C Aksumite Kingdom. 10C Zagwe dynasty. 1270 Solomonic dynasty. 17C Divided. 1855 Re-united. 1935 Italy (Italian East Africa). 1941 Independent. 1952 +Eritrea. 1974 Coup, Republic. 1993 -Eritrea.

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