Abbadids. 1023-91. Moslem dynasty in Andalusia.

Abbas, Ferhat. 1899-1995. First President of independent Algeria 1962-3.

Abbas II. 1874-1944. Last Egyptian khedive, 1892-. Opposed British. Deposed, 1914.

Abbaye Prison. Principal site of 1792 September Massacres.

ABC Powers. 1905. Argentina, Brazil, Chile.

Abd al-Mumin. 1094-1163. Founded Almohad Empire in north Africa and Spain. Massacred Almoravids.

Abd ar-Rahman. c1779-1859. Sultan of Morocco/Fez, 1822. Fought French, 1844 in Algeria.

Abd el-Krim. 1882-1963. Fought France and Spain in Morocco. Founded Republic of Rif 1921-26.

Abdul Rahman, Tunku. 1903-90. First Prime Minister of independent Malaya 1957-70. United Malay, Chinese, Indian factions.

Abel. Old Testament. Second son of Adam and Eve. Killed by Cain.

Abel, Frederick. 1827-1902. English inventor of military explosive cordite with Dewar, 1889.

Abjuration, Act. 1581. Dutch declaration of independence from Spain. Republic 1588.

Abo, Treaty. 1743. Sweden cedes SE Finland to Russia.

Abolition Act. 1833. Ends slavery in British Empire.

Abolitionists. 1774-1868. US anti-slavery party. Merged into Republicans. Radical Republicans.

Abortion. Legalized 1968 Britain, 1969 Canada, 1973 USA, 1975 France. Roe v Wade.

Abstract Art. 20C. Color, line and form without subject. Begun by Cezanne.

Abydos, Table. 14C BC List of Egyptian. kings. Discovered Temple of Seti,1817.

Abyssinia. Ethiopia.

Abyssinia-Italy War. 1894-6. Ended Italian colonialism.

Abyssinian War. 1935-6. Italy invades Ethiopia. League of Nations ineffective.

Academia Palatina. 9C school founded by Charlemagne.

Académie Française. Assembly of 40 “immortals” founded 1635 by Richelieu to set literary standards, language.

Academy. c387BC-529. Greek school founded by Plato dedicated to exploration of science and philosophical truth. Closed by Justinian.

Acadia. 1605 French colony centerd in Nova Scotia. 18C resettled by British.

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