Pérez, Antonio. 1534-1611. Spanish intriguer vs Philip II.

Persephone. Greek goddess of fertility abducted by Hades.

Pestalozzi, Johann. 1746-1827. Swiss educator. Modern primary education system. Paced development from familiar to new. Lienhard and Gertrude 1781-9. How Gertrude Teaches 1801.

Pétain, Philippe. 1856-1951. Defender at Verdun, 1916. Armistice 1940. Vichy Prime Minister 1940-42. German puppet 1942-4. Life sentence for collaboration after liberation.

Phalangists. 1936-2000 Militant Maronites vs Moslems in Lebanese Civil War.

Philip. Metacom. -1676. Led Massasoit in King Philip’s War.

Philip I. 1052-1108. French king 1060-. Recovered Normandy for France.

Philip I. The Handsome. 1478-1506. King of Castile 1504-. Established Spanish Hapsburg line by marrying daughter of Ferdinand II.

Philip II. 382-336BC. General: unified Macedonia. Alexander’s father.

Philip II. 1165-1223. French Capetian king 1179-. 3rd Crusade. Conquered Flanders. Doubled France. Fought Richard the Lion Heart for Angevin Empire.

Philip II. 1527-98. Spanish king. Revolt, 1579. Married Mary I of England. Sent Armada against Elizabeth I, 1588. Counter-Reformation champion.

Philip IV. The Fair. 1268-1314. French Capetian king 1285-. Taxed Roman Catholic Church. Ended Templars.

Philip IV. 1605-65. Spanish king 1621-. Lost Portugal, Catalonia, Utrecht.

Philip V. 238-179BC. Macedonian king 221-. Defeated by Rome.

Philip V. The Tall. 1293-1322. French king 1316-. Succeeded over Joan by Salic Law.

Philip V. 1683-1746. First Bourbon king of Spain 1700-. Accession led to War of Spanish Succession, loss of Netherlands and Italian possessions. War of Polish Succession.

Philip VI. 1293-1350. French Valois king 1328-1350.

Philip the Good. 1396-1467. Valois Duke of Burgundy 1419-. Allied with England vs France.

Philippe Auguste Wall. 1210. First defensive wall around Paris.

Philippe de Champagne. Cartoonist 1631. Windows of St-Eustache.

Philippi, Battle. 42BC. Antony and Octavian beat republicans Brutus and Cassius.

Philippics. Acrimonious orations of Demosthenes against Philip II of Macedonia.

Philippine Insurrection. 1899-1902. Filipinos rebel vs US rule.

Philippine Revolution. 1896-8. For independence from Spain allowed US control. Insurrection.

Philippine Sea, Battle. 1944. Major US victory over Japanese. Philippines reconquered. MacArthur.

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