Iron Cross. 1813. Prussian military decoration.

Isabel. 1846-1921. Brazilian princess. As regent during Pedro II absence, abolished slavery 1888. Led to fall of Brazilian Empire.

Isaurians. Bellicose peoples of Anatolia defeated by Servilius 76BC.

Isis. Egyptian deity of the moon, nature and fertility. Sister of Osiris.

Jacobins. 1789-94. Robespierre-led radical democratic French Revolutionary group. In power 1793-4. -“Holy League against the enemies of liberty”.

Joan of Arc, St. c1412-31. Defeated English at Orléans. Burned by the English as heretic. Rehabilitated 1456.

July Monarchy. Rule of Louis-Philippe.

July Revolution. 1830. France. Thiers. Charles X abdicates and flees to England. Louis-Philippe ascends. Caused by July Ordinances.

June Days. 1848. Paris workers uprising. Cavaignac’s military rule kills 10,000 to restore order.

Junkers. Prussian landowner class. Dominated admin., military.

Justinian. 483-565. Eastern Roman Emperor, conquered Africa and Italy. Codified Roman law 529. Closed all non-Christian schools, beginning Dark Ages. Nika Riot. Corpus Juris Civilis. Hagia Sophia. Digest 553. Ulpian.

Katyn Affair. 1940 massacre of Polish officers by Russian troops discovered 1943. Denied, blamed on Nazis. Ignored by Allies. Soviets admit responsibility, 1992.

Keiti. Last Japanese Shogun. Abdicated, 1867 after humiliation by foreigners.

King Philip’s War. 1675-6. Bloody conflict of New England colonists vs Indians under Philip.

Kuril Island. Japanese to 1945. Given to USSR by Yalta Agreement.

Leakey, Louis. 1903-72. British anthropological archeologist. With wife Mary, discovered homo habilis and other ancient humanoid fossils.

Lebrun, Albert. 1871-1950. French president 1931-40. Surrendered to Pétain.

Leclerc, Jacques-Philippe. 1902-47. French WWII resistance leader. Led 1500 mile march to liberate Paris, 1944.

Le Mercier, Jacques. 1585-1654. French architect of Sorbonne and Horloge Pavilion of Louvre.

Leo VI. 866-912. Byzantine Emperor. Compiled Basilica legal code.

Leyte Gulf, Battle. Philippine Sea Battle.

Liber. Roman god of wine, fertility...Bacchus. = Dionysus.

Lilith. Jewish female demon, Adam’s wife before Eve.

Limited Liability. 19C. Sale of limited liability stock stimulated Industrialization.

Lippi, Fra Filippo. 1406-69. Florentine Renaissance painter. Madonna and Child 1437. Coronation of the Virgins.

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