SA. 1921-34. Brownshirts. Nazi force for breaking up rival party meetings. Purged on Night of Long the Knives.

Sabines. Ancient Italian tribe whose women were seized by Romans as wives (legend). 290BC Conquered.

Sacco-Vanzetti Case. 1921-7. Italian/US anarchists convicted and executed despite prejudiced trial.

Sade, Marquis de. 1740-1814. French S&M writer. Jailed for immorality. 120 Days of Sodom 1785.

Safavids. 1501-1736. Moslem dynasty. Led Persia to power. Established Shi’a Islam as state religion.

Saint-Simon, Henri de. 1760-1825. “Father” of French Socialism. Utopian writer. Organisateur 1820. Industry. New Christianity 1825.

Salians. Dynasty. Ruled HRE 1024-1125. Investiture Controversy with pope.

Salic Law. 6C penal code issued by Clovis. Incorrectly cited 14-19C to limit royal succession to males; Spain by Philip V, 1713. Victoria. Isabella II.

Salieri, Antonio. 1750-1825. Austrian court composer. Operas.

Salimbene di Adam. 1221-90. Parmese chronicler of 13C life.

Salinger, JD. 1919- US novelist. Catcher in the Rye 1951.

Salisbury, First Earl. 1563-1612. British adviser to Elizabeth I. Negotiated James I succession.

Salisbury, Third Marquess. 1830-1903. British Imperialist Prime Minister 1885~1902. Fashoda. Boer War. Splendid Isolation.

Sallust. c86-34BC. Roman historian. Expelled from Senate for immorality. Catilina.

Salvi, Niccolò. 1697-1751. Italian sculptor. Trevi Fountain 1732.

Sannazzaro, Jacopo. 1456-1530. Italian humanist, poet. Arcadia 1504.

Saracens. Moslems in the Middle Ages. Caliphate Empire.

Sargent, John Singer. 1856-1925. Italian/US portrait painter. Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose 1886.

Sartre, Jean-Paul. 1905-80. French existentialist philosopher: L’Etre et le Néant 1943. Social responsibility of freedom. (refused).

Sassanids. 224-. Last Persian dynasty before Moslem conquest 637-51.

Saturn. Roman god of agriculture and civilization. = Cronus. Saturnalia festival influenced Christmas.

Savoy. 1034- Noble dynasty of France, Switzerland. Italian kings 1861-1946.

Scala, Cangrande I della. 1291-1329. Lord of Verona, patron of Dante.

Scaliger, Joseph. 1540-1609. Classical scholar. Founded science of chronology.

Scaliger, Julius Caesar. 1484-1558. Italian/French classical scholar. “Father” of literary criticism. Poetics 1561.

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