Parnell, Charles. 1846-91. Irish nationalist. Founded Land League.

Paschal II. -1118. Italian pope 1099-. Investiture Controversy.

Patel, Vallabhbhai. 1875-1950. Indian nationalist with Gandhi.

Paulicians. 7-11C. Heretical Gnostic dualistic Christian sect.

Pedrell, Felipe. 1841-1922. “Midwife” of Spanish Nationalist music.

Pellico, Silvio. 1789-1854. Italian writer. My Prisons 1832.

Pentecostalism. Protestant fundamentalist mystic sects. Baptism with Holy Spirit gives supernatural gifts, speaking in tongues.

People’s Republic. Communist government by a people’s party. Democratic mandate from popular revolution. Often Totalitarian.

Pergamum. 5C BC-. Attalid capital 3-2C BC of Mysia in Asia Minor.

Pergolesi, Giovanni Battista. 1710-36. Italian opera buffa composer. La serva padrona 1733. “War of the Buffoons” Paris 1752.

Perón, Juan. 1895-1974. Totalitarian Argentine president 1946-55, 73-4. Evita. Isabel.

Perpendicular. c1350-1500. English Gothic architecture. Square and heavy materialistic design.

Pérugini, Pietro le. 1445-1523. Italian painter. Taught Raphael. St. Peter and Keys 1482 (Sistine Chapel).

Peruzzi, Baldassarre. 1481-1536. Italian architect, painter. Palazzo Massimo 1535. Villa Farnesina 1509-21.

Petrarch. 1304-74. Italian humanist author, lyric poet, philosopher. To Laura 1366. Dialogue with St. Augustine.

Phenomenalism. Matter is defined by sense experience.

Philip V. The Tall. 1293-1322. French king 1316-. Succeeded over Joan by Salic Law.

Philip V. 1683-1746. First Bourbon king of Spain 1700-. Accession led to War of Spanish Succession, loss of Netherlands and Italian possessions. War of Polish Succession.

Physiognomism. Belief in the relationship between personality types and facial characteristics. Lavater. Aristotle.

Piazzi, Giuseppe. 1746-1826. Italian discoverer of Ceres, first asteroid seen by man 1801.

Pinturricchio. c1454-1513. Italian religious painter. Vatican frescoes 1492.

Pirandello, Luigi. 1867-1936. Italian dramatist:Six Characters in Search of an Author 1921.

Piranesi, Giambattista. 1720-78. Italian architect and engraver. Views of Rome 1740s.

Pisano, Andrea. 1270/90-1348/9. Italian sculptor. Florence Baptistery doors.

Pisano, Giovanni. c1254-1314. Italian Gothic sculptor, son of Nicola Perouse Fountain 1278. Pistoia Cathedral pulpit 1301. PIsa Cathedral pulpit 1302-10.

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