Marsilius of Padua. c1282-1343. Italian political philosopher. -“political power comes from the people”.

Marx, Karl. 1818-83. German socialist philosopher: Communist Manifesto 1848. Das Kapital 1867. Dialectical Materialism. Marxism.

Marxism. Official dogma of Communism. Dialectical Materialism. “Perfect economic system will not require political state.” Marx. Engels. Value is based on labour. Maoism. Leninism.

Materialism. All nature is describable as moving particles. Mind is the result of physical activity in the brain. Büchner. Diderot. Hobbes. Marx. Epicureans.

Matsushita, Konosuke. 1894-1989. Japanese industrialist; began 5-day workweek, guaranteed lifetime employment.

Matteotti Crisis. 1924. Italian Fascists kill Socialist, Matteotti for denouncing them. Aventine Secession.

Maurice, Friedrich. 1805-72. English theologian. Christian Socialist founder.

Mauritania. Bafours. ~1C BC Sanhadja, Zenet, Teda. Ancient Ghana. 7/8C Moslem. 11C Almoravid. 13-17C Moqil invade. 15C = Shinqit. 19C «French West Africa. 1958 Autonomous. 1960 Independent.

Mausolus. Persian Satrap c377-353BC. Tomb at Halicarnassus was one of Seven Wonders.

Maximilian I. 1459-1519. HRE 1493-. Expanded Hapsburg empire by marriage and conquest. Italian Wars.

Mazzini, Giuseppe. 1805-72. Genoa republican for Italian unity. Founded Young Italy 1831. Led Rome Republic 1849.

Mboya, Tom. 1930-69. Kenyan Nationalist leader. Assassinated.

Medici. Merchant family. Ruled Florence 1434~1737. Patron of Italian Renaissance arts. Catherine. Marie. Popes Leo X, Clement VII, Leo XI.

Megaliths. Neolithic monuments of very large stones. Stonehenge.

Megarian. 4C BC. School of philosophy founded by Eucleides. Good is a single quality by many names.

Meiji. 1852-1912. Japanese Empire. 1867-. Modernization. New constitution. Abolished feudalism. Made Japan a world power. Ended isolationism. Tokugawa.

Melba, Nellie. 1861-1931. Australian operatic soprano.

Mennonites. 1536. Christian pacifist congregationalist sect based on Anabaptists but teaching conservatism.

Mensheviks. 1903-22. Pacifist minority Social Democratic Workers Party members under Martov split from Bolsheviks. Sought gradual vs revolutionary socialism. Suppressed after October Revolution.

Menzies, Robert. 1894-1978. Australian Liberal Prime Minister 1939-41, 49-66. ANZUS. SEATO.

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. 1908-61. French philosopher blending existentialism, Marxism, phenomenology.

Mesopotamia. 5000BC. Tigris-Euphrates river plain where civilization began. 550BC Persia. 331BC Alexander. 115 Rome. 637 Moslem. 13C Mongol. 1534 Ottoman. Babylon. Akkad. Ur. Iraq.

Metastasio, Pietro. 1698-1782. Italian librettist for Gluck, Handel, Haydn, Mozart.

Metaxas, Ioannis. 1871-1941. Greek dictator 1936-. Repelled Italian invasion 1940.

Mihajlovitch, Dragoljub. 1893-1946. Yugoslav royalist WWII leader vs Tito. Executed for collaboration with Germany; exonerated by US.

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