Jinnah, Muhammed Ali. 1876-1948. Founded Moslem League 1934. Demanded partition of India. First gov-gen. of Pakistan.

Joad, CEM. 1891-1953. British pacifist agnostic Rationalist philosopher. Vitalism. Guide to Philosophy 1936.

Johnson, Pauline. 1861-1913. Canadian Nationalist métis poet. The song my paddle sings.

Jordan. 13C BC Hebrew(W). 6C BC Nabataean(E). 4C Seleucid(N)/Ptolemy(S). 63BC Rome. 637 Moslem. 1918 British mandate, Hashimite kingdom. 1946 Independent Transjordan. 1949 = Jordan.

Joukov, Gheorgi. 1896-1974. Soviet marshal, won battles of Moscow 1941, Stalingrad 1943.

Judas of Galilee. Jewish zealot. Led revolt vs Rome over tax census.

Judicial. Branch of US government. Supreme and lower courts can invalidate Acts of Congress.

Kafka, Franz. 1883-1924. Czech introspective writer. Alienation of modern man. The Trial 1925. The Castle 1926. Published posthumously.

Kali. Hindu goddess of death and destruction.

Kalidasa. 5C. Indian dramatist. Sakuntala.

Kalinin, Mikhail. 1875-1946. Soviet Head of State, 1919-46.

Kaliningrad. 1946- On site of Königsberg, destroyed 1945. Russian enclave surrounded by Poland, Lithuania.

Kamenev, Lev. 1883-1936. Russian Bolshevik leader in Triumvirate with Stalin, Zinoviev, 1922-. Executed in Purge.

Kant, Immanuel. 1724-1804. German Romantic philosopher. Free-will. Inherent moral nature implies “Transcendental” world of freedom. Although the mind builds internal maps of sensory perceptions, we do not know what the world is really like. -“moral imperative = human diginity”. On Heaven 1755. Critique of Pure Reason 1781. Critique of Practical Reason 1788. Critique of Judgement.

Kelley, Oliver. 1826-1913. US agriculturalist. Founded National Grange 1867.

Kennedy Round. Liberalized tarrifs negotiated by 50 countries, 1964-7.

Kerensky, Aleksandr. 1881-1970. Russian Revolutionary leader. Prime Minister 1917. Liberal Socialist Provisional government.

Kerensky Offensive. 1917. Failed attack on Germans in Galicia by Kerensky Provisional government.

Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah. 1901-89. Iranian Shi’ite Moslem Fundamentalist leader. Exiled 1963-79. Dictator 1979-. Islamic Revolution.

Kiangsi Soviet. 1931-4. Chinese Communist Provincial government vs Nationalists under Mao. Long March.

Kido Koin. 1833-77. Japanese statesman. Overthrew Shogunate 1868. Ended feudalism.

Kierkegaard, Sören. 1813-55. Danish founder of Existentialism. Either-Or 1843. Fear and Trembling 1843. Influenced Heidegger. Individual must consciously choose among life’s alternatives.

Killiecrankie, Battle. 1689. Jacobites massacre Royalists.

Kingsley, Charles. 1819-75. English didactic social novelist/clergyman. Alton Locke 1850. Water Babies 1863. Founded Christian Socialism.

Kipling, Rudyard. 1865-1936. English/Indian writer. Compelling, emotional, poetic. Jungle Book 1894. Kim 1901. Imperialist:- “White Man’s Burden”.

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