Bordeaux. 4C Rome. 412 Goths. 508 Clovis. 1154 English. 1453 France.

Borges, Jorge Luis. 1899-1986. Argentinian writer. Labyrinths.

Breviary of Alaric. 506. Visigoth law code.

British Somaliland. 1880 British protectorate. 1960 +Italian Somaliland =independent Somalia.

Brunhild. 534-613. Visigoth queen of Austrasia. Fued w Fredegund. Def by Neustria. Executed by having her hair tied to tail of wild horse.

Buddhism. c528BC. Widely practised in Asia. Nirvana is achieved by following the 8-fold path and 4 Noble Truths. 1C BC Mahayana Sutras. 6C reaches Japan. 12C Zen Buddhism widely practiced in Japan.

Burroughs, Edgar. 1875-1950. US writer. Tarzan 1912.

Burroughs, William. 1855-98. Cash Register 1888.

Busta Gallorum, Battle. 552. Narses defeats Goths. Italy comes under Byzantine Empire.

Cadiz. 1100BC Phoenicia...501BC Carthage. 206BC Rome. 409 Visigoth. 535 Byzantine. 711 Moors 1262 Castile.

Catalonia. Iberians. Colonized by Phoenicia, Greece, Carthage. c200BC Rome. 5C Goths. 712 Moors. c788 Charlemagne. 1137 +Aragon. 1932 Autonomous. 1939 Spain.

Ceuta. c12C BC Phoenicia. 1C BC Rome. 5C Vandal. 6C Byzantine. 618 Visigoth. 711 Moslem. 1415 Portugal. 1580 Spain. 1810 Britain. 1814 Spain.

Challenger Expedition. 1872-6. Oceanic survey of currents, depths, temps.

Châlons, Battle. 451. Attila’s westward conquest stopped by Visigoths and Romans.

China. T’ang(leg). Yü (leg). c1994BC Hsia. c1500 Shang. c1027 Chou. 481 Warring States. 221 Ch’in. 202BC Han. 220 AD Three Kingdoms. 265 Chin. 386 Northern Dyn(N)/420 Southern Dyn(S). 581 Sui rebuild. 618 T’ang. 10C Five dyn/Ten kingdoms. 960 Sung. 1279 Yüan (Mongol). 1368 Ming. 1644 Ch’ing (Manchu). 1912 Republic. 1938-44 Japanese occupation. 1949 People’s Republic.

Christo, (Gabrovo Javacheff). 1935-. Bulgarian/US artist with wife Jeanne-Claude. Pont Neuf Packaged 1985. Reichstag 1995.

Chu Hsi. 1130-1200. Chinese Neo-Confucian. Four Books 1189. Individual goodness can be brought out by study of the classics.

Colonial Wars. 1834-1902. British wars against Sikhs, Burmese, Crimeans, Boers.

Commune, Paris. 1871. Revolutionary government formed when Thiers abandoned Paris to Prussians. Crushed 2 months later by McMahon. 20,000 killed.

Crusades. 1095-1272. European Christian wars to regain Holy Land after Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem in 1072. Literature and the arts benefitted from Eastern cultural infusion. Peasants 1096. Annihilated. First. 1096-99. Genoa financed Godfrey of Bouillon to recapture Jerusalem. Only successful crusade. Second. 1147-49. Louis VII and Conrad III pillage Byzantium. Third. 1189-92. Richard I and Philip II Truce with Saladin allows access to Jerusalem. Fourth. 1202-4. French and Flemish nobles conquer, sack Constantinople, form Latin Empire. Childrens. 1212. Stephen of Cloyes led 30,000 unarmed French youths. Nicholas of Cologne led 20,000 German. All died or enslaved. Fifth. 1218-21. John of Brienne in Egypt. Sixth. 1228-29. Frederick II crowned king of Jerusalem. Seventh. 1248-54. St Louis of France captured by Egypt and ransomed. Eighth. 1270. St Louis dies of plague. Ninth. 1271-2. Prince Edward of England.

Deductive Reasoning. Aristotelian. Derivation of universal truths from prior certainties. Syllogisms.

Defender of the Faith. 1521. Title conferred by Pope Leo X on Henry VIII. Withdrawn after Act of Supremacy. Reconfirmed by Parliament, 1544 for all succeeding monarchs.

Dimitrov, Georgi. 1882-1949. Bulgarian Communist leader. Prime Minister 45-. Acquitted of Reichstagg fire.

Edington, Battle. 878. King Alfred, Wessex only Anglo-Saxon kingdom to withstand Danes.

Elizabeth, St. Mother of John the Baptist. Sister of Virgin Mary.

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