Ptolemy XIV. c59-44BC. Last Macedonian king of Egypt 47-. Brother, co-ruler with Cleopatra.

Public Safety, Committee. 1793-4. Ruled France during Terror.

Queensberry Rules. 1867. Boxing.

Regency. England. 1811-20. George, Prince of Wales ruled for insane father, George III.

Rhuddlan, Statute. 1284. English rule Wales.

Rizal, José. 1861-96. Philippine writer/leader vs Spanish rule. Executed.

Robert, Henry. 1837-1923. US writer. Robert’s Rules of Order 1876.

Roger I. 1031-1101. Brother, ally of Robert Guiscard. Ruled Two Sicilies 1085-.

Roses, War of. 1455-85. York (white) vs Lancaster (red) for English throne. Lancaster rule ended. Henry VII (Tudor/Lancaster) married Elizabeth (York). Bosworth Field. Plantagenet.

Rurik. -879. Varangian prince, First ruler of Russia. Dynasty ruled to1598.

Salians. Dynasty. Ruled HRE 1024-1125. Investiture Controversy with pope.

Saxony. 843 «East Frankish Kingdom. 919-1024 Ruled HRE. 1180 Divided. 1697 Elector (King) of Poland. 1785 Fürstenbund. 1806 Napoleon creates Kingdom. 1815 Half to Prussia. 1815 German Confederation. 1835 Zollverein. 1867 North German Confederation. 1871 German Empire. 1918 Abolished monarchy. 1920 Republic. 1933 Germany.

Seljuks. 1075-1242. Turkish dynasty ruled Caliphate Empire. Attacks vs Byzantines led to Crusades. Nucleus for Ottoman Empire.

Shogun. Japanese military leaders. 794 Otomaro. 1192-1867 Ruled Japan.

Social Contract. Hobbes political philosophy. Compact between ruler and ruled. Locke.

Somoza, Anastasio. 1896-1956. Nicaraguan president. 1936~. Sons ruled to 1979.

Stephen II. Pope 752-57. First to rule Papal states.

Struensee, Johann. 1737-72. German physician to Danish king. Ruled Denmark 1770-. Executed for adultery with queen.

Stuart. Family which ruled Scotland 1371-1714, England 1603-1714.

Supreme Privy Council. 1726-30. Effectively ruled Russia after Peter the Great’s death without heir.

Talât Pasha. 1874-1921. Young Turk leader. Ruled with Triumvirate 1913-18.

Temporary Rules. 1882-1912. Russian anti-Jewish restrictions after pogrom 1881.

Thirty Tyrants. 404-403BC. Ruled Athens after defeat by Sparta.

Thomas, James. 1700-48. British poet. Seasons. Rule Britannia.

Thrasybulus. -388BC. Refounded Athenian democracy 403BC after 30 Tyrants’ rule.

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