Tong Wars. 1850-1930. US Chinese criminal feuds.

Tonypandy Riots. 1910. Police control striking coal miners. Cavalry held in reserve by Churchill.

Torah. 5-2C BC God’s revealed teaching to Jews. Pentateuch (First 5 chapters of Old Testament). Oral Torah=Hebrew bible.

Treaty Ports. Japan, China forced by west to open ports to foreign trade. Opium Wars.

Trident Conference. 1943. Secret meeting of Roosevelt, Churchill to plan Normandy Invasion.

Ts’ao Chan. c1715-63. Chinese novelist. Dream of Red Mansions 1742-63.

Ts’ao Ts’ao. 155-220. Shrewd unscrupulous Chinese general. Suppressed Yellow Turban Rebellion. Established Wei dynasty.

Tseng Kuo-fan. 1811-72. Chinese general. Suppressed Taiping Rebellion 1850-64.

Tsingtao. (Kiaochow). Strategic Chinese port. 1898 German. 1914 Japan. 1922 China. 1938-45 Japanese occupy.

Tu Fu. 712-70. China’s greatest poet. Pessimistic, satirical.

Tudor Architecture. c16C. English late Gothic style. Timber frame construction. Renaissance influenced decoration. Elizabethan.

Tuileries Palace. 1563. Architect:Delorme. Commissioned by Catherine de Medici. Stormed 1792. Burned, 1871 by Communards.

Twenty-One Demands. 1915. China submits to Japanese threats. Japan controls Manchuria, Mongolia and have access to ports and islands.

Two-Power Standard. 1889. Hamilton declares that British fleet should be at least equal to naval strength of any 2 other countries. Abandoned 1912 by Churchill.

Tz’u-hsi. 1835-1908. Dowager empress of China 1861-. Regent for T’ung-chi. Resisted reforms. Boxer Rebellion.

Umberto I. 1844-1900. 2nd king of Italy 1878-. Assassinated by anarchists.

Uncas. c1588-c1683. Founder, chief of Mohegan Indian tribe.

Uniformity, Act of. 1549. Established English Prayer Book, catechism for Anglican worship. 1553 Repealed. 1559 Reenacted. 1662 Deprived Nonconformists of living.

United Front. 1924-6, 1936-45. Chinese communists, Kuomintang vs Japan.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 1948. United Nations list of rights to be accorded people by their governments. Rejected by USSR, China, Poland, Yugoslavia, Ukraine, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, many Moslem countries. Signed by Russia, 1996.

Urban VI. 1318-89. Avignon pope 1378-. Caused Schism.

Val-de-Grace. Paris. 1645-1667. Built by Anne of Austria to thank God for birth of Louis XIV after 23 childless years of marriage. Mansart.

Valdivia, Pedro de. 1498-1554. Spanish conqueror of Chile, 1450. Founded Santiago.

Vanbrugh, John. 1664-1726. English Restoration dramatist, Baroque architect: Castle Howard 1702. Blenheim Palace 1705.

Vasari, Giorgio. 1511-74. Italian Mannerist painter, architect, writer. Coined term Renaissance. Painters Lives 1550. Uffizi Palace architect.

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