Powhatan. c1550-1618. American Indian chief. Pocohantas’ father. Co-op. with settlers.

Pragmatism. 19-20C. Philosophy emphasizing experiment and practical utility. Pierce. James. Dewey. Schiller.

President. Chief executive officer of most Republics.

Primitivism. Naive art by primitive peoples, children, or as an adopted style. Rousseau. Grandma Moses.

Proclamation of 1763. Limited settlement west of Appalachians to appease Indians.

Procrustes. Greek robber. Adjusted victims to his bed length by stretching or cutting.

Proudhon, Pierre. 1809-65. French Anarchist Socialist: “Property is theft.”-What is Property? 1840. “Government is the Scourge of God”. Systèmes des Contradictions Économiques 1846.

Puck. Medieval English mischievous fairy.

P’u-i, Henry. 1906-67. Last Chinese Emperor. 1908-12. Japanese puppet Emperor of Manchukuo 1934-45. Interned by Soviets in Siberia 1945-50. Reeducated by Communist Chinese. Pardoned 1959. Mechanic. From Emperor to Citizen 1980.

Pullman Strike. 1894. Chicago. Broken by troops, injunction. National boycott call. Debs.

Pure Land Buddhism. 4C China, Japan. Followers of Buddha saviour Amitabha (Amida, O-mi-t’o). Paradise for invoking his name.

Qu Yuan. c277BC. First great Chinese poet.

Quadrilateral. Austrian fortresses: Legnago, Mantua, Verona, Peschiera.

Quebec Conference. 1864. Basis of British North America Act. 1943. Allied leaders plan European landings. 1944. Churchill, Roosevelt decide on two war fronts-criticized for allowing Soviets to take Berlin.

Quetzalcóatl. Aztec, Coltec god symbolized by feathered serpent. Legendary founder of Chichen Itza. Also applied as a title equivalent to saint.

Rainaldi, Girolamo. 1570-1655. Hungarian architect. Brought Mannerism to Rome.

Ramillies, Battle. 1706. Churchill wins most of Belgium for Britain from France.

Raphaël. 1483-1520. Italian High Renaissance classical painter, sculptor, architect. Vatican frescoes 1508-11. Madonnas 1505-7. Sistine Madonna 1513. Julius II.

Ravachol, François. 1859-92. French anarchist. Guillotined.

Red Guards. 1966-69. Paramilitary student units during Chinese Cultural Revolution.

Reform Bills. England. 1832: Russell redistributes Parliamentary seats, enfranchises renters. 1867: Disraeli enfranchises workers in towns. 1884: Gladstone enfranchises agricultural workers. Representation of People Acts.

Regency. 1800-30. Georgian Classicist architecture with tinge of exotic from the Empire. Stucco facing on brick. Nash. Soane. Hope. Sheraton. Decorative Arts: Neoclassical, Egyptian motifs.

Reich, Wilhelm. 1897-1957. German/US psychiatrist. Theory of Orgone, a force which permeates the body and is released by orgasm.

Rembrandt van Rijn. 1606-69. Dutch painter of bold realism. Chiaroscuro. Engraver. Antomy Lesson 1632. Night Watch 1642.

Renaissance. 13-16C Rebirth of the arts, under classical influence. Humanism. Spread from Italy. Art. Architecture. Music.

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