Gang of Four. Chinese leaders, including Mao’s widow, convicted 1980 of Cultural Revolution abuses.

Garnier, Charles. 1825-98. French architect. Paris Opera House 1860.

Gaudi, Antonio. 1852-1926. Barcelona architect: Sagrada Familia 1883-; Casa Mila 1905-7.

Geneva Conference. 1954. Ends French control of Indo-China. Khrushchev, Eisenhower, Eden, Faure.

George, St. 3/4C. Chivalric Patron St. of England, Portugal., and soldiers. Slew dragon.

Georgian Architecture. 1714-1830. Palladian, 1720-60. Adam, 1760-1800. Regency, 1810-37. Often red brick with white trim.

German Movement. 18C Nationalist cultural movement. Lessing, Goethe, Schiller.

Geronimo. 1829-1900. Apache Indian chief. Resisted Reservations 1876-86.

Ghiberti, Lorenzo. c1378-1455. Florentine naturalistic sculptor and architect. John the Baptist 1414. Florence Baptistery doors 1425-50.

Gibbon, John. First heart-lung machine 1953.

Gilbert, Cass. 1859-1934. US architect: Woolworth Building 1908-13.

Giotto. c1266-1337. Florentine fresco painter. First to abandon Byzantine style. Arena Chapel frescoes 1305. Madonna and Child c1314.

Giulio Romano. 1492-1546. Italian Mannerist painter, architect. Palazzo del Te 1525/6.

Godwin, William. 1756-1836. English atheist philosopher, author. Anarchism. Cooperation is evil. Things as they Are 1794.

Goldman, Emma. 1869-1940. Russian/US anarchist. Deported from US, 1919.

Gordon, Charles. 1833-85. British colonial administrator in Sudan, China. Taiping Rebellion.

Gorky, Maxim. 1868-1936. Russian writer. Childhood 1913-14.

Gothic Architecture. 12-15C. Began with French cathedrals and spread over N Europe. Pointed arches, rib vaulting, flying buttresses. Stability achieved with balance rather than mass. Airy lightness. St. Denis 1140. Notre Dame Cathedral. Tudor.

Grand Canal. 4C BC-1400. China. World’s longest, 1,000 miles.

Grandfather Clause. -1915. S US states limited vote to those enfranchised by 1866/7.

Grant, Ulysses S. 1822-85. Commander-in-Chief Union army 1864-5 in US Civil War. President 1869-77.

Great Leap Forward. 1958-61. Failed Chinese program for increased output by communes.

Great Schism. 1054. East-West Schism. 1378-1417. Period of rival Popes in Rome, Avignon, following Avignon Papacy.

Great Wall of China. Parts 4C BC. Joined 214-204BC.

Gropius, Walter. 1883-1969. German architect. Bauhaus director. Modern horizontal buildings, glass walls.

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