CIA. Central Intelligence Agency. 1947-. US information gathering agency. Replaced OSS. National Security Act. Activities: 1953 Iran. 1954 Guatemala. 1967 Guevara. 1973 Chile. 1976 Nigeria.

Classical. 500-300BC Greek Art. Idealized figure sculptures. Doric, Ionic, Corinthian architecture. Praxiteles. Roman Art. 1C BC-2C AD. Greek forms; added arch. Sculpture: realistic portraits, dramatic bas-relief.

Classicism. Art and architecture in imitation of Greek and Roman styles. Neoclassical.

Clement VII. Antipope 1378-94. Avignon. Election caused Great Schism.

Clement VIII. Antipope 1423-29. Ended Great Schism.

Clocks. 3500BC Gnomon. 2000BC Chinese. 8C BC sundial 4C BC Greek water clock. 300BC hemispherical sundial 160BC Rome. 12C mechanical. 1379 de Vick. 1657 Huygens pendulum.

Clytemnestra. Wife and murderess of Agamemnon. Killed by her children, Orestes and Electra.

Cochise. -1874. Apache warrior Indian chief.

Collodi, Carlo. 1826-90. Italian writer. Pinocchio.

Compass. 2634BC Chinese invention.

Concentration Camps. 1862-65 USA. 1899-1902. British internment of Boers in South Africa. 1922-91. USSR. 1933-45 Nazi prisons for extermination and slave labour. Buchenwald. Auschwitz. Dachau. 1942-6 US Relocation Centers. 1942-46 Canada. 1950’s Kenya. 1973 Chile.

Conciliarism. 12C-. General Council has greater power than pope. Popular during Great Schism.

Concord, Book of. 1580. Synthesis of creeds and catechisms of Lutheranism.

Confucius. 551-479BC. Chinese philosopher and moralist. Advocated reason, love and respect for others over supernatural. Chinese Exam. Wu Ching.

Connecticut Wits. 18C US satiric collaborative poets. Anarchiad 1786-87.

Conrad von Hotzendorf, Franz. 1852-1925. Austro-Hungarian Chief of Staff, 1906~17.

Constance, Council. 1414-18. Ended Great Schism. Church council victory over papal power. Martin V elected pope.

Consul. 509BC-. Roman chief magistrate.

Coolie.19C Chinese indentured labourer.

Coptics. Monophysite Christian church in Egypt. 451 Schism from Rome.

Corinthian. Most recent style of Classical Greek Architecture. Acanthus leaves on column capital.

Cotte, Robert de. 1656-1735. Architect. Chancel of Notre-Dame, Esplanade, Versailles.

Crazy Horse. c1842-1877. Sioux Indian chief vs Custer at Little Bighorn.

Cronus. Greek Titan = Saturn. Swallowed own children.

Crusades. 1095-1272. European Christian wars to regain Holy Land after Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem in 1072. Literature and the arts benefitted from Eastern cultural infusion. Peasants 1096. Annihilated. First. 1096-99. Genoa financed Godfrey of Bouillon to recapture Jerusalem. Only successful crusade. Second. 1147-49. Louis VII and Conrad III pillage Byzantium. Third. 1189-92. Richard I and Philip II Truce with Saladin allows access to Jerusalem. Fourth. 1202-4. French and Flemish nobles conquer, sack Constantinople, form Latin Empire. Childrens. 1212. Stephen of Cloyes led 30,000 unarmed French youths. Nicholas of Cologne led 20,000 German. All died or enslaved. Fifth. 1218-21. John of Brienne in Egypt. Sixth. 1228-29. Frederick II crowned king of Jerusalem. Seventh. 1248-54. St Louis of France captured by Egypt and ransomed. Eighth. 1270. St Louis dies of plague. Ninth. 1271-2. Prince Edward of England.

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