Reformation. 16C religious movement against practices of Roman Catholic church led to founding of Protestant churches. Luther. Calvin. Knox. Zwingli. Henry VIII.

Richard III. 1452-85. King of England 1483-. Murdered (?) nephews in tower. Killed at Bosworth by Henry VII, ending War of Roses.

Roses, War of. 1455-85. York (white) vs Lancaster (red) for English throne. Lancaster rule ended. Henry VII (Tudor/Lancaster) married Elizabeth (York). Bosworth Field. Plantagenet.

Seymour, Jane. 1509-37. Third wife of Henry VIII. Died after giving birth to Edward VI.

Six Articles, Statute. 1539-1547. Henry VIII’s statement of Church of England doctrine. Persecuted both adamant Catholics and Protestants.

Skelton, John. c1460-1529. English satirical poet. Tutor, adviser to Henry VIII.

St Albans. 1455. First battle of War of Roses. Henry VI captured by Yorks.

Suffolk, First duke. c1484-1545. Brother-in-law, aide of Henry VIII. Incompetent military leader.

Supremacy, Act of. 1534 Henry VIII establishes Church of England under monarch. 1554 Repealed by Mary I. 1559 Elizabeth I re-established Church of England. Oath required of all MPs.

Towton, Battle. 1461. York victory in War of Roses. Henry VI fled England. Edward IV took crown.

Warwick, Earl of. 1428-71. “The Kingmaker”-. Helped York Edward IV, then restored Lancaster Henry VI.

Wolsey, Thomas. c1475-1530. English cardinal. Lord Chancellor to Henry VIII. Lost influence when unable to secure divorce from Catherine of Aragon. Built Hampton Court Palace as gift for Henry VIII. Unpopularity a cause of Reformation.