Phidias. c490-430BC. Greek sculptor. Parthenon frieze. 42 foot gold and ivory statue of Zeus at Olympia. 7 Wonders.

Philadelphia. Greek name for Amman, Jordan.

Philip II. 382-336BC. General: unified Macedonia. Alexander’s father.

Philo. c20BC-50. Alexandrian Jew. Reconciled Jewish faith with Greek reason.

Philoctetes. Mythical Greek warrior. Killed Paris at Troy.

Philomela. Mythical Greek princess. Raped by Tereus. Tongue cut out.

Philostratus. 3C Greek Sophist. Lives of Sophists. Imagines.

Phoebe. Greek Titan, associated with moon.

Photius. c820-91. Patriarch of Constantinople 858~86. Began Great Schism controversy.

Physiocrats. 18C. Agricultural based philosophy. Land is source of all wealth. Elimination of controls over economy. Laissez-Faire. Quesnay. Turgot.

Pilgrim Fathers. 1620. English religious Separatists who sailed on Mayflower to avoid persecution.

Pilgrimage of Grace. 1536. Catholic uprising in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire against dissolution of monasteries, taxation and inflation.

Pilon, Germain. c1537-90. Fench. sculptor. Three Graces 1561.

Pindar. c522-443BC. Greek Epicurean lyric poet of odes celebrating athletic victories.

Pinel, Philippe. 1745-1826. French physician. Revolutionized care of the insane at Salpêtrière with humane treatment.

Piranesi, Giambattista. 1720-78. Italian architect and engraver. Views of Rome 1740s.

Pisa, Council. 1409. Elected Alexander V as third pope in failed attempt to end Great Schism.

Pitt, William, the Elder. 1708-78. English statesman, Prime Minister 1756~68. Pursued Seven Years War. “The Great Commoner”.

Place de Grève. -1830 Meeting place for Paris unemployed in Middle Ages.

Plainsong. Gregorian chant. Singing in unison without harmony.

Planudes Maximus. 1260-c1310. Byzantine monk. Edited Greek Anthology of prose and poetry 1302.

Plataea, Battle. 479BC. Persians driven from Greece by Pausanias.

Plato. c428-347BC. Greek philosopher, disciple of Socrates’ Dialogs. Free-will. Republic. “There exist absolute truths. Mind imprints its idea on matter. Mind has always existed and seeks to free itself from matter and return to God.” Founded Academy c387. Symposium c384. Apologia c399. Quest for good will lead to harmony in the world.

Platt Amendment. 1901. US law/agreement governing relations with Cuba. Cuba broke agreement 1934.

Plehve, Vyacheslav. 1846-1904. Russian official. Forced Russification. Pogroms vs Jews.

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