Fenians. 1858. Secret US society of Irish emigrants seeking Irish autonomy. Raided Canada 1866,70,71.

Ferrara-Florence, Council of. 1438-45. Failed attempt to re-unite Latin and Greek churches.

Festus, Sextus. 2C. Roman lexicographer. On the Meaning of Words.

Feudalism. 8-14C. Social system. Lord grants land rights (fiefs) to vassals in return for military or other service. Manorialism. Seignorialism.

Ficino, Marsilio. 1433-99. Italian philosopher. Translated Greek classics to Latin. Theologia Platonicum 1482.

Finland. 7C Finns settle, displace Lapps. 1157 Sweden. 1809 Grand Duchy of Russia. 1919 Indepependent republic.

Fire of London. 1666. Four days. 87 churches. 13,200 houses. 100,000 homeless. Rebuilt in 10 years. 1136 fire was previously known as Great Fire of London.

Fitzgerald, F. Scott. 1896-1940. US Jazz age writer. This Side of Paradise 1920. Great Gatsby 1925.

Flood, Great. c3000BC. Destruction of man and world by God. Forty days and night. Noah. Gilgamesh.

Florence, Union of. 1439. Brief reconciliation of Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox Churches.

Folies-Bergère. 1869. Paris theater introduced striptease 1894.

Food and Agriculture Organization. 1945- UN agency. Administers World Food Program.

Four Power Pacific Treaty. 1921. Britain, France, Japan, USA agree to mutual respect of rights.

Fowler, H.W. 1858-1933. English lexicographer. Dictionary of Modern English Usage 1926.

Fowler, John. 1817-98. English engineer: London Underground.

France. 6C BC Celt, Greek colonies. 51BC Rome. 3-5C Franks, Visigoths inv. 481 Merovingian emp. 751 Carolingian. 843 Split = W Frankish Kingdom. 987 Capetian. 1016 + Burgundy. 1378 Valois dyn. 1589 Bourbon dyn. 1792 Republic. 1799 Consulate. 1804 Empire. 1814 Monarchy rest. 1848 2nd Republic. 1852 2nd Empire. 1870 3rd Republic. 1940 German occupation. 1946 4th Republic. 1958 5th Republic.

France, College of. Created by Francis I in 1530 as the 3 Language College: Latin, Hebrew, Greek.

Frederick II. The Great. 1712-86. Powerful Prussian king. Siezed Silesia from Austria. Patron of Arts. Liberal internal reforms.

Freemasons. Secret fraternal organization based on guilds, chivalry, religious orders. 1717 London Grand Lodge.

Furetière, Antoine. 1619-88. French satirist/lexicographer. Nouvelle Allégorique 1658. Universal Dictionary 1684.

Gabor, Dennis. 1900-79. Hungarian/English holograph inventor, 1947.

Gaea. (Gaia) Earth itself as a Greek goddess.

Gag Rules. 1836-44. Prevented discussion of anti-slavery bills in US Congress.

Galahad. Chaste Arthurian knight. Lancelot’s son. Holy Grail.

Galen. 129-c200. Greek doctor. Methods used 1000 years.

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