Pyrrhus. 319-272BC. King of Epirus. Defeated Romans at Heraclea and Ausculum at great cost (Pyrrhic Victory). Memoirs.

Pythagoras. c582-500BC. Greek philosopher: numbers are key to understanding the universe. Founded first school of higher learning at Crotona, Italy.

Pytheas. c300BC. Greek. Voyaged to Britain, Iceland.

Qu Yuan. c277BC. First great Chinese poet.

Quintuple Treaty. 1839. Britain, France, Prussia, Austria, Russia guaranteed Belgian integrity. London Treaty.

Rabelais, François. c1483-1553. French satirical writer and humanist. Pantagruel 1532.Gargantua 1534.

Rachmaninov, Sergei. 1873-1943. Russian/US pianist, composer. Romantic nostalgic works of great virtuosity. Prelude 1892.

Racine, Jean. 1639-99. Classical French tragedy playwright. Molière’s rival. Andromaque 1667. Britannicus 1669. Phèdre 1677.

Radisson and Groseilliers. Huguenot explorers of Minnesota, 1658-9.

Rainier III. 1923-. Prince of Monaco, 1949-. Grimaldi.

Ramses II. The Great. Pharaoh of Egypt 1304-1237BC. Built temples. Age of prosperity.

Randolph, Peyton. 1721-75. American Revolutionary, first president of Continental Congress 1774.

Ranke, Leopold von. 1795-1886. German scientific histographer.-“Historical events must be described in their own terms”.

Rankin, Jeanette. 1880-1973. First US Congresswoman. 1917-9, 1941-3. Only vote against declaring war on Japan. WWII.

Rasputin, Grigori. 1872-1916. Russian adventurer, mystic. Influential in court of Nicholas II, 1906-. Murdered.

Rastatt, Congress of. 1713. After War of Spanish Succession, Holy Roman Empire renounces claim to Spanish throne. 1797-9. Failed at peace between France and HRE.

Rauschenberg, Robert. 1925-. US Pop artist. Collage. Trapeze 1964.

Ray, Man. 1890-1976. US Dada painter/photographer.

Reconquista. 11C-1492 Campaign of Christians to recapture Spain, Portugal from Moslems. 1118 Aragon. 1238 Valencia. 1492 Granada.

Red Brigade. 1970-84. Italian left-wing terrorist group. Moro.

Reform Bills. England. 1832: Russell redistributes Parliamentary seats, enfranchises renters. 1867: Disraeli enfranchises workers in towns. 1884: Gladstone enfranchises agricultural workers. Representation of People Acts.

Regium Donum. 1690~1869. Grant from monarch to Nonconformist ministers in Britain.

Reis, Philip. 1834-74. Invented and demonstrated telephone 1861. Coined telephony. Bell.

Rembrandt van Rijn. 1606-69. Dutch painter of bold realism. Chiaroscuro. Engraver. Antomy Lesson 1632. Night Watch 1642.

Renart, le Roman de. Group of French adventure romances written in the 12-13C.

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