Erik the Red. Norwegian explorer, discovered Greenland c985. Established First colony.

Erse. Gaelic language of Scottish Highlands.

Esterhazy, Ferdinand. 1847-1923. French. Sold secrets to Germans. Blamed Dreyfus.

Estonia. c1000BC Aesti. 9C- Vikings invade. 11,12C Russia, Denmark, Sweden invades. 1219 Denmark. 1346 Teutonic Knights buy. 16C Sweden/Poland/Denmark divide. 17C Sweden. 1721 Russian. 1918 Independent. 1919-33 Unstable governments. 1924 Failed Bolshevik revolution. 1934 Päts coup. 1940 USSR. 1991 Independent.

Etaples, Treaty. 1492. England renounces claim to France, except Calais.

Eugène of Savoy, Prince. 1663-1736. French General of H.R. Imperial armies. Defeated Turks in Vienna and Hungary.

Euphronius. c500BC. Greek painter and potter.

Euphrosyne. Grace of mirth and merriment.

Europe, Council of. 1949-. To protect common heritage, human rights and harmonize legislation by replacing bilateral treaties.

European Defence Community. 1950-54. Failed attempt at continental army.

European Union. 1958 European Economic Community (EEC) of Belgium, France, W Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands. To integrate economic development of members. 1967 =European Community (EC). 1973 +UK, Ireland, Denmark. 1981+Greece. 1985 -Greenland. 1986 +Spain, Portugal. 1990 +former E Germany. 1993 =European Union (EU). Maastricht Treaty. European Parliament. European Court of Justice.

Euterpe. Greek Muse of tragedy and flute playing.

Evelyn, John. 1620-1706. English diarist and writer.

Evesham, Battle. 1265. Montfort defeated and killed. End of Barons War.

Exodus. 13C BC. Jews escape Egyptian slavery. Moses. Ten Commandments.

Expressionism. 20C Literary style expressing essence of subject by exaggerating characteristics. Sounds and symbols. Joyce. Kafka. O’Neill. Woolf. Beckman.

Factory Acts. England. 1802 Apprentices 12 hr day. 1819 Minimum age 9. 1833. Limited child labour to 8 hours and education required 1844 Women, children 10 hr max. 1842 No women/children in mines. 1920 Minimum age 14. US 1844 Women 12 hr max. 1874 Women/children 10 hr max.

Fair Labor Standards Act. 1938. US fixes minimum wage(25¢/hr), child labor laws, 44hr week.

Fairfax, Thomas. 1612-71. English Parliamentarian Civil War general. Commander-in-Chief of New Model Army. Victor at Marston Moor.

Falkland Is. 1592 Davis discovers. 1764 British settle. 1774-1811 Spanish. 1829 Argentina claims (Malvinas). 1833 British.

Falklands, Battle. 1914. British destroy German fleet.

Falklands War. 1982. Britain defeats Argentine invasion. Falklands remain British.

Fall, Albert. 1861-1944. US senator convicted in Teapot Dome scandal.

Farnese, Alessandro. 1545-92. Italian/Spanish governor of Netherlands. Quelled rebellion.

Fascism. 1919-45. Totalitarian movement combining Socialist theories and Nationalism. State as highest value. Mussolini. Falange. Nazism.

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