Pasiphaë. Greek wife of Minos, mother of Ariadne and Minotaur.

Patel, Vallabhbhai. 1875-1950. Indian nationalist with Gandhi.

Paterson, William. 1658-1719. Scottish. Founded Bank of England 1694. Darien Scheme.

Patriarch. Christian bishops with jurisdiction over other bishops. 325 Rome. 692 Antioch. Alexandria, Constantinople, Jerusalem. 1598 Moscow.

Patrick, St. c389-461. Patron saint of Ireland. Introduced monasticism. Converted Irish. Said to have invented Irish Whiskey 450.

Paul of Aegina. c625-90. Alexandrian physician. Compiled medical knowledge to date. 7 vol Epitome.

Pax Romana. 27BC-193. Period of Roman peace and prosperity begun by Augustus.

Peasants’ War. 1524-6. Geneva Anabaptist peasants crushed by nobles and clergy. Muntzer.

Peking, Treaty. 1860. China cedes coastal land to Russia.

People’s Republic. Communist government by a people’s party. Democratic mandate from popular revolution. Often Totalitarian.

Perestroika. 1986. Gorbachev’s policy of government and economic reform.

Pérez de Ayala, Ramón. 1880-1962. Spanish writer. Balarmino and Apolonio.

Periander. Corinthian tyrant c627-586BC. Trade and art expansion.

Perón, Isabel. 1931-. Argentine president 1974-5, succeeding husband.

Perpendicular. c1350-1500. English Gothic architecture. Square and heavy materialistic design.

Perseus. Slew Medusa with gods’ weapons. Married Andromeda.

Pershing, John. 1860-1948. US general; commanded French front 1918. WWI.

Pérugini, Pietro le. 1445-1523. Italian painter. Taught Raphael. St. Peter and Keys 1482 (Sistine Chapel).

Pestalozzi, Johann. 1746-1827. Swiss educator. Modern primary education system. Paced development from familiar to new. Lienhard and Gertrude 1781-9. How Gertrude Teaches 1801.

Petöfi, Sándor. 1823-49. Hungarian lyric poet. Hero of the 1848-9 revolution. Poetry of Liberation. János Vitéz 1845.

Pharisees. 2C BC-70. Jewish religious sect. Oral law and Torah, vs Sadducees (Torah only). Mishna.

Pharos. 280BC-13C. Alexandria lighthouse. 135m high. Seven Wonders.

Phidias. c490-430BC. Greek sculptor. Parthenon frieze. 42 foot gold and ivory statue of Zeus at Olympia. 7 Wonders.

Philip I. 1052-1108. French king 1060-. Recovered Normandy for France.

Philip I. The Handsome. 1478-1506. King of Castile 1504-. Established Spanish Hapsburg line by marrying daughter of Ferdinand II.

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