Musset, Alfred. 1810-57. French poet. Sand lover. Confession.

Nabu. Assyrian/Babylonian god of learning and writing.

Nader Shah. 1688-1747. Severe ruler of Persia 1736-. Conquered Turks and northern India. Took Koh-i-noor diamond, Peacock Throne.

Nagyvarad, Peace. 1538. Divided Hungary between Hapsburg and Zápolya. Failure allowed Ottoman occupation of 2/3 of Hungary.

Namibia. Bushman. Nama, Dama. Ovambo, Herero. 1884 German protectorate. 1892 Colony = German South-West Africa. 1915 South Africa...League of Nations mandate. 1948 South Africa despite UN protest. 1990 Independent. SWAPO.

Nanak. 1469-1539. Indian Sikh guru. To reduce strife between Hindus and Moslems, founded Sikh religion. -“God is one, whether Allah, Rama, God or Vishnu”.

Naples. 758BC settled. 326BC Rome. 1072 Norman. 1130 +Sicily. 1282 -Sicily. 1443 +Sicily under Aragon= Two Sicilies. 1799-1806 Parthenopean Republic. 1861 Italy.

Napoleon II. 1811-32. ’King’ of Rome 1811-14. Son of Napoleon and Marie Louise.

Napoleonic Code. 1804-. French laws standardized. Personal liberty, equality, justice, divorce, marriage, property rights. Still in use.

Narodniki. 19C Russian Socialist movement advocating land for peasants. Assassinated Alexander II. Populism.

Naseby, Battle. 1645. English Civil War. Fairfax and Cromwell defeat Royalists.

Nash, Ogden. 1902-71. US humorist poet. One Touch of Venus 1943. “Candy is dandy, but liquor is quicker.”

Natal. Bantu. 1497 DaGama discovers. 19C Zulu. 1838 Boer. 1843 British. 1910 South Africa.

National Assembly. 1789-91. French legislature of Third Estate. 1946-. Lower house of French parliament. Rights of Man. Legislative Assembly.

National Covenant. 1638. Oath to maintain Scottish Presbyterianism against Charles I episcopacy. 1638-90. Presbyterians persecuted in Scotland. 1643-67 Solemn League allied with Parliament in Civil War. 1647-supported Charles. 1661 illegal.

National Gallery. England 1824.

National Gallery of Art. (US) 1937. Funded by Mellon.

National Geographic Society. 1888. World’s largest scientific and educational society.

National Party. 1936-. New Zealand conservative anti-Labour party.

National Trust. 1895. Non-profit organization to preserve British heritage buildings and lands.

Nationalism. 17-20C. Sociopolitical movement stressing individual’s loyalty to his state. 19C Led to Imperialism. 20C Fascism and Nazism.

Nationalism. Musical movement to reflect national or ethnic spirit. Especially 16C and 19C. Grieg. Sibelius.

Nationalization. Siezing of private enterprises by government with or without compensation. 1946-9 England: Banks, Railways, Mines, Steel, Electricity, Gas. 1946-9 France: Coal, Electricity, Gas, Transport. 1918 Russia: Banks, Insurance, Industry. 1951 Iran: Oil.

Native Land Acts. 1862, 65-92. New Zealand abolishes tribal land ownership, destroying traditional Maori society.

NATO. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 1949- Collective defence alliance of Western European and North Atlantic countries to preserve democratic freedom. UK, Canada, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Portugal, US. 1952 Greece, Turkey, 1955 FRG. 1964 -Greece. 1966 -France. 1980 +Greece. 1982 +Spain. 1993 +France. 1999 +Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic. 2004 +Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia.

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