Bessel, F.W. 1784-1846. German astronomer. B Function 1817.

Bethmann-Hollweg. 1856-1921. German Chancellor, 1909-17. Tried to mediate before WWI. Overthrown by Hindenburg and Ludendorf.

Bible. Hebrew and Christian sacred scriptures translated from Hebrew and Aramaic. 3C BC Greek translation. 1382 Wycliffe, Rogers, English. 1522-34 Luther, German. 1611 King James version. Vulgate by St. Jerome. Apocrypha.

Biedermeier. 1815-35. German bourgeois kitsch style of sentimental art and utilitarian furniture. Circular pedestal table.

Bismarck, Otto von. 1815-98. Prince. Prussian Prime Minister 1862-90. Founded German Empire; First Chancellor 1871-90. Provoked Franco-Prussian War. Ems Dispatch. Schleswig.

Bjorko Treaty. 1905. Unimplemented military alliance between German Wilhelm II and Russian Nicholas II.

Blitzkrieg. 1938-45. German battle tactic. Rapid, deep assault with tanks supported from air.

Bode, Johann. 1747-1826. German astronomer: Laws of planetary distances, 1766.

Bohemia. Celts. 5-6C Slavs. 9C Unified. 1061 HRE. 10C + Moravia + Silesia + Galicia. 1158 Kingdom. 1526 Hapsburg. 1918 Czechoslovakia. 1939-45 German. 1993 Czech Republic.

Böhme, Jakob. 1575-1624. German mystic. Explained world in terms of opposing elements. Aurora 1612.

Boniface, St. 675-754. Martyred British apostle to Germany.

Born, Max. 1882-1970. German/British quantum physicist. Mathematics of atom behavior.

Boveri, Theodor. 1864-1915. German cytologist. Chromosomes, 1904.

Brahms, Johannes. 1833-97. German composer. “Romantic spirit controlled by a classical intellect”. Requiem 1868.

Brandt, Willy. 1913-92. Pragmatic Social Democrat Chancellor of West Germany 1969-74.

Brant, Sebastian. 1458-1521. German medieval satirical poet. Ship of Fools 1494.

Braun, Werner von. 1912-77. German/US rocket engineer. V-2. Apollo. Explorer.

Brecht, Bertolt. 1898-1956. German experimental dramatist: Threepenny Opera 1928. Mother Courage.

Brest-Litovsk, Treaty. 1918. Russia exits WWI leaving 1/3 population in German hands.

Brethren, Church. 1708. German/US Pacifist Christian church.

Britain, Battle of. 1940-1. German blitz air raids on British civilian centers. RAF defeats Luftwaffe, averting invasion.

Bruno, St. c1035-c1101. Founder of German Carthusian Order 1084.

Brussels, Treaty. 1948. = Western Union. 50 year alliance of Britain, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands. 1954 + W Germany, Italy.

Bulge, Battle. 1945. Last German offensive on the Western Front at Ardennes. WWII.

Bundesrat. Upper house of Swiss, German, Austria Parliaments.

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