Nassau. German family which controlled the Rhine from 12C. One branch was House of Orange.

National Socialism. Nazism. 1919-45. German master-race nationalist Fascist movement. Anti- semitic. Individual surrenders to State will. Hitler. Drexler.

Nauru. 1798 Sighted. 1888 Germany (Marshall Is). 1914 Australia. 1920 Britain/Ausralia/New Zealand mandate. 1942 Japanese occupy. 1947 Australian trust. 1968 Independent republic.

Nazi-Soviet Pact. German-Soviet Pact.

Neanderthal Man. 100,000-50,000BC. Skull discovered in Germany 1856.

Nernst, Walther. 1864-1941. German scientist: Third law of thermodynamics. Physical chemistry.

Netherlands. Celts, Germans. 1C Rome. 400 Franks...Carolingian. 9C HRE. 1477 Hapsburg. 1555 Spain. 1581 Independent(N) = United Provinces. 1795 France. Batavian Republic. 1806 Kingdom of Holland. 1810 «France. 1815 United Kingdom of the Netherlands. 1830 -Belgium. 1940-45 Germans occupy.

Neumann, Balthasar. 1687-1753. German Baroque architect. Residenz in Würzburg 1719-44.

New Guinea. 1512 Portugal discovers. 1828 Netherlands(W). 1884 Dutch/British(SE)/German(NE). 1906 British part(SE) to Australia. 1921 League of Nations Australian mandate(NE). 1945 Mandate +Papua. 1963 Dutch part(W) to Indonesia. 1975 Papua New Guinea.

New World Order. 1940. Germany, Italy, Japan plan for world domination.

Nibelungen. Rich subterranean dwarfs of 12C German epic poem c1200. Basis of Wagner’s Ring.

Nicholas of Cusa. 1401-64. German. Proposed heliocentricity, calendar reform 1429. De Docta Ignorantia 1440. “A learned man is one who is aware of his own ignorance.”

Niemöller, Martin. 1892-1984. German theologian. Opposed Nazis.

Nietzche, Friedrich. 1844-1900. German philosopher. Superman doctrine. Survival of fittest. Thus Spake Zarathustra 1883-92. Will to Power influenced Fascists.

Nolde, Emil. 1867-1956. German Expressionist painter.

Nordlingen, Battle. 1634. Sweden defeated, ending influence in S Germany. Heilbronn alliance dissolved.

Normandy Invasion. 1944. Eisenhower’s D-Day assault of Allies on German-occupied France. WWII turning point.

North German Confederation. 1867-71. 22 states led by Prussia. German Empire.

Norway. 872 United by Harald Fairhair. 1130- Civil wars. 1397 Danish. 1814 Swedish. 1905 Independent. 1940-45 Germans occupy.

Novalis. 1772-1801. German Romantic poet.

Nuremberg Laws. 1935. German Jews lose citizenship and rights.

Oder-Neisse Line. 1945- Polish-German border established by Potsdam Conference.

Odoacer. c435-93. German who deposed Romulus Augustus 476. Assassinated by Theodoric.

Oecolampadius, Johannes. 1482-1531. German Reformation theologian. Drafted Confession of Basel 1531.

Offenbach, Jacques. 1819-80. German/French light operatic composer: Tales of Hoffman. Orpheus 1859.

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