Ur. 4000BC Sumerian city on Euphrates River. Mesopotamian capital 26~21C BC.

Urania. Greek muse of astronomy.

Uranus. Early Greek personification of the heavens. Father of Titans.

Urartu. 13-7C BC Kingdom in eastern Turkey. Conquered by Sargon. c600BC Armenians.

Urban II. 1035-95. Pope 1088-. Forbade clergy to pay homage to temporal powers. Crusades.

Urban V. 1310-70. Avignon pope. Returned to Rome temporarily 1367-70.

Urban VI. 1318-89. Avignon pope 1378-. Caused Schism.

Urdu. Official language of Pakistan.

Urey, Harold. 1893-1981. US physicist. Isolated deuterium 1931. Heavy water needed for atomic bomb.

Urquiza, Justo de. 1801-70. Overthrew dictator, de Rosas. Argentine Confederation president 1854-60.

Ursula, St. 4C. Martyred by Huns with 11,000 virgins.

Ursulines. 1535. Roman Catholic order founded by Angela Merci for the education of women.

Uruguay. 1516 Díaz discovers. 1683 Portugal. 1777 Spain(La Plata). 1820 Brazil. 1828 Independent.

US Virgin Is. Carib, Arawak. 1493 Columbus discovers. 1666 Denmark. 1673- Slaves brought. 1917 US purchase for $25M.

Ussher, James. 1581-1656. Irish theologian. Calculated the Creation as 4004BC according to Bible.

Ustaše. 1929-45 Secret Croatian terrorist group seeking independence from Yugoslavia.

Usury. Maximum interest rates: Rome 50BC: 12%, 529: 8%. Islam 622: 0%. Christian 1311: 0%. England: 1623 8%, 1651 6%, 1713 5%, 1854 eliminated. USA, by State: 5-45%

U Thant. 1909-74. Burmese United Nations Secretary General 1961-7.

Uther Pendragon. Legendary British king. Father of King Arthur.

Utilitarianism. Good is the maximum good for the maximum number of people. Bentham. Mill. Spencer. Moore.

Utopia. Imaginary ideal state. More. Bacon. Plato.

Utrecht, Treaties. 1713-14. Ended War of Spanish Succession. Austria gains Netherlands. France cedes Newfoundland, Hudson’s Bay, Nova Scotia to England. Spain cedes Gibraltar, Minorca to England.

U-2 Incident. 1960. US spy plane shot down over USSR. Summit cancelled. Pilot Powers traded for Russian spy Abel 1962.

Uxmal. c600. Mayan city. Abandoned 1450. Mayapan.

Uzbekistan. Bactria. 711 Arabs. 1220 Golden Horde brings Uzbeks. 1494 Shaybanids. 1875 Russia. 1924 USSR. 1991 Independent. CIS.

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