Phrygia. 13-6C BC. Kingdom dominating Asia Minor.

Phrynichus. c512-476BC. Athenian playwright. First women characters. Capture of Miletus 494BC.

Physiocrats. 18C. Agricultural based philosophy. Land is source of all wealth. Elimination of controls over economy. Laissez-Faire. Quesnay. Turgot.

Physiognomism. Belief in the relationship between personality types and facial characteristics. Lavater. Aristotle.

Piaf, Edith. 1915-63. French music hall singer.

Piaget, Jean. 1896-1980. Swiss psychologist. Child development in four stages: sensorimotor, symbolic, concrete, logical.

Piazzi, Giuseppe. 1746-1826. Italian discoverer of Ceres, first asteroid seen by man 1801.

Picasso, Pablo. 1881-1973. Spanish/French Cubist painter. Desmoiselles d’Avignon 1907. Guernica 1937.

Piccard, Auguste. 1884-1962. Swiss physicist. Balloon to stratosphere. Bathyscaphe below ocean.

Pickering, Edward. 1846-1919. US pioneer of stellar spectroscopy, photometry.

Picquart, Georges. 1854-1914. French general imprisoned for defense of Dreyfus.

Picquigney, Truce. 1475. France pays England to withdraw army.

Picts. Inhabitants of Scotland. Repelled Romans. Subdued by MacAlpin 843 creating Alban.

Pied Piper of Hamelin. Legend based on Children’s Crusade. Leads children away when townspeople refuse to pay for ridding town of vermin.

Piedmont-Sardinia. 1720-1861. Savoy kingdom. Sardinia.

Pietism. 17-18C. Spener’s religious movement. Influenced Moravians, Methodists. Bible study.

Pigalle, Jean-Baptiste. 1714-85. French sculptor. Mercury 1744.

Pilate, Pontius. -c39. Roman governor of Judea, who allowed Christ’s crucifixion.

Pilâtre de Rosier, Jean-François. 1756-85. Physician and balloonist. First ascent 1783 with Montgolfier; First free flight 1783 with d’Arlandes. Killed trying to cross Channel.

Pilgrim Fathers. 1620. English religious Separatists who sailed on Mayflower to avoid persecution.

Pilgrimage of Grace. 1536. Catholic uprising in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire against dissolution of monasteries, taxation and inflation.

Pillars of Hercules. Rock of Gibraltar and Jebel Musa.

Pilon, Germain. c1537-90. Fench. sculptor. Three Graces 1561.

Pilsudski, Józef. 1867-1935. Polish general, Head of State 1918-22, Prime Minister after coup 1926-. Defended Poland vs Russia 1919-20.

Pindar. c522-443BC. Greek Epicurean lyric poet of odes celebrating athletic victories.

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