Humble Petition. 1657. English Constitution of Protectorate. Cromwell as Lord Protector.

Humboldt, Alexander von. 1769-1859. German naturalist, ecologist.

Hume, David. 1711-76. Scottish empiricist philosopher and historian: On Human Nature 1739. Free-will. Behaviour results from innate character. God cannot be proved by reason, but we must believe in Him.

Humperdinck, Engelbert. 1854-1921. German composer. Hansel and Gretel 1893.

Hundred Days. 1815. March 20 to July 8; Napoleon’s escape from Elba to his second abdication. 1933. Began Roosevelt’s administration. New Deal enacted.

Hundred Years War. 1337~1453. English defend claims to French throne. Crécy. Poitiers. Agincourt. Joan of Arc. English driven from continent, except Calais.

Hung Hsiu-ch’üan. 1814-64. Led Tai-Ping Rebellion. Claimed to be Christ’s brother. Founded new religion based on Chinese unity.

Hungarian Uprising. 1703-11. Ferenc Rákóczi II led vs Hapsburg centralism. No real change achieved. 1956. Student-led revolt crushed by Russian troops. Kádár puppet government established. Nagy executed.

Hungary. Celts, Ilyrians. Pannonia. 14BC Rome. Germans, Asians. c600 Avars. c800 Franks. 892-1301 Arpad-Magyars. 1001 Christian monarch. 1241 Mongols invade. 1526 Turks invade. 1664 Ottoman 1699 Hapsburg. 1848-9 Republic. 1866 Dual Monarchy. 1918 Republic. 1949 People’s Republic. 1990 Democratic.

Hunter, John. 1728-93. British surgeon, pathologist.

Hunter’s Lodge. 1838. Secret US organization to overthrow British in Canada. 2 Attacks repulsed.

Huron. North America Indian tribe massacred by Iroquois 1648-50. Oklahoma.

Husak, Gustav. 1913-91. Czech leader 1968-89. Put in power by Moscow during Czech Invasion. Pres 1975-89.

Huss, Jan. 1372-1415. Bohemian priest. Burnt for advocating Wycliffe. Hussite Wars.

Hussars. 1458-. Light cavalry units, originally Hungarian.

Hussein, Saddam. 1937-. Iraqi Ba’ath dictator 1979-. Iran-Iraq War. Gulf War.

Hussein ibn Talal. 1935-99. Moderate Jordanian king 1953-. Israel Peace Treaty 1994.

Husserl, Edmund. 1859-1938. German philosopher. Phenomenology.

Hussite Wars. 1415-36. Huss followers vs HRE for religious reform and Bohemian nationalism. Utraquists.

Hutterites. 16C-. Communal Hungarian Anabaptist sect. 1870s moved to Western North America.

Hutton, James. 1726-97. Scot. geologist. Uniformitarianism 1785. Defined eras 1788.

Huxley, Aldous. 1894-1963. English philosophical novelist: Brave New World 1932.

Huxley, Thomas. 1825-95. English scientist, lecturer. Coined term “agnostic”. Darwinist.

Huygens, Christiaan. 1629-95. Dutch physicist, mathematician. Discovered Saturn’s rings 1655. Pendulum clock 1657. Centripetal force 1659. Conservation of Energy 1669. Wave theory of light 1678.

Hyde, Edward. 1609-74. English statesman, historian. Supported Charles II.

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