Apollonius Rhodius. 3C BC. Poet, librarian at Alexandria. Argonautica.

Appeasement Policy. 1937-9. British yield to Nazi demands in hope of maintaining peace. Munich Agreement. Gentleman’s Agreement.

Appert, Nicolas. c1752-1841. French inventor of preservation by canning.

Appian of Alexander. 2C. Greek/Roman historian.

Appleseed, Johnny. (Chapman). 1774-1845. US nurseryman. Gave seedlings to pioneers.

Appleton, Edward. 1892-1965. English physicist: Appleton ionospheric layer.

Apprentices Statute. 1563-1814 England. 7 Years apprenticeship required for all trades.

April Theses. 1917. Lenin’s plan for Soviet takeover of state power from provisional government.

Aquila Ponticus. 2C. Translated Old Testament from Hebrew to Greek. Version adopted by Jews.

Aquitaine. 1C BC Rome. 5C Visigoth. 507 Franks. 700 Independent. 1137 French. 1152 English 1453 French.

Arab-Israeli Wars. 1948-9. Palestinians flee to Arab countries. 1956. Israel captures Sinai, UN takes over. 1967. Six Day War. Israel defeats Egypt, Syria, Jordan, gains Jerusalem, Sinai, Golan,... 1973. Egypt, Syria attack = October War.

Arab League. 1945. Non-aggression and cooperation treaty of Arab states. Collective Treaty of Defence, 1950, to defend against Israeli aggression.

Arachne. Lydian weaver, changed into a spider.

Arafat, Yasir. 1929-2004. Arab Fatah PLO leader. President of Palestinian Authority 1996-.

Arago, François. 1786-1853. French astronomer and physicist. Magnetism, light.

Aragon. 2C BC Rome. 711 Moors. 1035 Independent kingdom. 1076 +Navarre. 1134 -Navarre. 1137 +Catalonia. 1238 +Valencia. 13C +Balearics, Murcia. 1479 +Castile =Spain. Ferdinand.

Aragon, Louis. 1897-1982. French Romantic poet + Communist.

Aramaeans. Ancient Semitic people of Mesopotamia, Syria. Language widespread 10C-5C BC. Alphabet 720 BC.

Ararat, Mount. Noah’s Ark landing place. 9-7C BC.

Araucanian Wars. 1530-1870. Chile, Argentina. Natives forced onto reservations.

Arcadia. Ancient Greek region of Peloponnesus. Megalopolis.

Arcadia, Academy of. 1690. 1925 =Italian Literary Academy. Originally known for poetic, pastoral style.

Arcadian. Venetian paintings with Greek gods in Italian dress.

Arcadian League. 370-362BC. Union of states vs Sparta.

Archaic Period of Greek Art. c650-500BC. Egyptian influenced sculpture. Mythological vase painting.

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