Griselda. Italian wife whose patience was tested by her husband, without complaint.

Groat. 1351-1662. British 4p coin.

Grolier, Jean. 1479-1565. French collector of 3000 book library.

Gropius, Walter. 1883-1969. German architect. Bauhaus director. Modern horizontal buildings, glass walls.

Gros, Antoine. 1771-1835. French painter of Napoleon’s military career.

Grosz, George. 1893-1959. German satirical artist/caricaturist. Pillars of Society.

Grotefend, George. 1775-1853. German. Deciphered Cuneiform 1802. Behistun.

Grotius, Hugo. 1583-1645. Dutch jurist. Laws of War and Peace 1625.

Group of Seven. 1920-74. Canadian Impressionist painters. MacDonald, Harris, Lismer, Varley, Carmichael, Johnston, Jackson. Thomson 1913.

Grünewald, Matthias, St. -1528. German Late Gothic artist. Isenheim altarpiece c1510. Colors influenced Baroque Art.

Guadalcanal. 1942-3. US drive Japanese from Solomon Is.

Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty. 1848. Ended Mexican War. US paid $15M for half of Mexico.

Guarantees, Law of. 1871. Failed to define relationship between papacy and Italian government. Lateran Treaty, 1929.

Guas, Juan. -c1496. Spanish arch. Isabelline style.

Guatemala. Maya. 1523 Spain. 1822 Mexican Empire. 1823 CAF. 1839 Independent. Many Mayan revolts. 1954 CIA led coup. Military Dictatorship. 1980-96 Genocide. 1996 Peace.

Guederian, Heinz. 1888-1954. German general. Invented blitzkrieg 1940.

Guelfs and Ghibellines. 1154-15C. Rival factions responsible for feuds in Germany and Italy. Welfs.

Guernica. Spanish Basque capital bombed by Germans for Franco, 1937. Euzkadi. Picasso. Spanish Civil War.

Guerra Santa (Holy War). 1848. Unsuccessful Italian revolution. Garibaldi. Mazzini.

Guesclin, Bertrand du. c1320-80. French military leader, 100 Years’ War. Expelled English from France.

Gueux. 1566-76. Dutch Calvinist rebels vs Spanish rule.

Guevara, Che. 1928-67. Argentine revolutionary in Cuba, Bolivia. Revolution must precede communism.

Guido d’Arezzo. c990-1050. Italian Benedictine monk. Invented musical staff.

Guild Socialism. 1900-20. British movement for state- owned, worker-controlled industry.

Guilds. 11C-. Associations of merchants and craftsmen creating monopolistic protection.

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