Gladiatorial Wars. 73-71BC. Spartacus.

Gladiators. 264BC-5C. Roman armed combatants for entertainment.

Gladstone, William. 1809-98. English Liberal reform Prime Minister 1868~94. Secret ballot. Public Education. Irish land reforms.

Glasnost. Openness. Gorbachev’s policy to promote freedom of expression, reduce secrecy.

Glencoe Massacre. 1692. Campbells kill 38 MacDonalds for late oath of allegiance to King William.

Glendower, Owen. c1354-1416. Led last Welsh revolt vs English rule 1400-12.

Glenn, John. 1921- First American to orbit earth, 1962. US Senator 1974-.

Glinka, Mikhail. 1804-57. First important Russian Nationalist composer. A Life for the Czar 1836.

Globe Theatre. 1599-1644. Venue for Shakespeare’s plays, London.

Gloire. 1859. French. World’s first armour-plated vessel.

Glorious Revolution. 1688. British Protestant William and Mary depose James II. Declaration of Rights, Bill of Rights 1689.

Gluck, Christoph. 1714-87. Bohemian composer: Orpheus 1762. Developed opera as drama with music.

Glyndwr, Owain. Glendower, Owen.

Gneisenau, August. 1760-1831. Prussian general vs Napoleon.

Gnosticism. 1-6C. Heretical Christian sect incorporating mysticism, dualism, Docetism.

Gobelins Tapestry Works. 1440. Established by Jehan Gobelin. Colbert reorganized 1662. Louis XIV sumptuous style. Le Brun. Versailles interiors.

Gobineau, Joseph. 1816-82. Rationalized anti-semitism and Aryan supremacy. Essay on Inequality of Human Races 1353-5.

God. Christian, Judaic, Islamic supreme being. Infinite, omniscient, benevolent creator.

God’s Truce. 1027-13C. Hostilities suspended on Holy days.

Goddard, Robert. 1882-1945. US “father of modern rocketry”.

Gödel, Kurt. 1906-78. Czech/US logician. Theorem, 1931, asserts that no logical system can prove all its own propositions.

Godfrey of Bouillon. c1061-1100. First Crusade leader. Ruled Palestine 1099-.

Godiva, Lady. c1040-80. Rode naked through Coventry to protest taxes. Wife of Earl Leofric.

Godoy, Manuel de. 1767-1851. Spanish Prime Minister 1792~1808. Battle of Trafalgar and Fontainebleau Treaty.

Godunov, Boris. 1551-1605. Russian czar 1598-.

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