Ethiopia. c1000BC Semite. 1C Aksumite Kingdom. 10C Zagwe dynasty. 1270 Solomonic dynasty. 17C Divided. 1855 Re-united. 1935 Italy (Italian East Africa). 1941 Independent. 1952 +Eritrea. 1974 Coup, Republic. 1993 -Eritrea.

Etruscans. Asian people in Tuscany 8C BC. Taken by Rome, 4-3C BC. Skilful metal workers. Strong navy, merchant traders. Tarquins.

Eucken, Rudolf. 1846-1926. German philosopher: personal ethics are more important than intellectual idealism.

Euclid. c300BC. Greek mathematician. Discovered plane geometry. Elements.

Eudes. 860-98. King of France in 888. Defended Paris against the Norse in 885.

Eudoxus of Cnidus. c400-350BC. Greek astronomer. Explained movement of sun, moon, planets.

Eugène of Savoy, Prince. 1663-1736. French General of H.R. Imperial armies. Defeated Turks in Vienna and Hungary.

Eugenics. Race improvement by selective mating. Galton.

Eugénie. 1826-1920. Spanish Empress of France, 1853-70.

Eulenspiegel, Till. -1350. German peasant prankster.

Euler, Leonhard. 1707-83. Swiss mathematician. Calculus, optics. Analytic geometry.

Euphronius. c500BC. Greek painter and potter.

Euphrosyne. Grace of mirth and merriment.

Euric. Visigoth king 466-484. First Visigoth law code.

Euripides. c480-406BC. Greek tragic poet, sceptical of myths. Medea 431. Iphegenia. Electra.

Europa. Daughter of Agenor, king of Phoenicia, raised by Zeus (Jupiter). Minos’ mother.

Europe, Council of. 1949-. To protect common heritage, human rights and harmonize legislation by replacing bilateral treaties.

European Parliament. 1958 Assembly. 1979 Legislature. 1993 Legislative Assembly of European Union.

European Union. 1958 European Economic Community (EEC) of Belgium, France, W Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands. To integrate economic development of members. 1967 =European Community (EC). 1973 +UK, Ireland, Denmark. 1981+Greece. 1985 -Greenland. 1986 +Spain, Portugal. 1990 +former E Germany. 1993 =European Union (EU). Maastricht Treaty. European Parliament. European Court of Justice.

Euterpe. Greek Muse of tragedy and flute playing.

Euzkadi. 1936-7. Independent Basque rep. Guernica.

Evangelicalism. Protestant churches that follow literal biblical interpretation.

Evans, Timothy. -1953. Wrongful hanging led to abolition of capital punishment in Britain.

Eve. Biblical first woman. Wife of Adam. Ate forbidden apple, expelled from Garden of Eden.

Evelyn, John. 1620-1706. English diarist and writer.

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