Alcaçovas, Treaty. 1479. Portugal renounces claim to Castile.

Alcaeus. c610-580BC. Greek tragic poet.

Alcamenes. c440BC. Greek sculptor; delicacy and finish.

Alcazar. 14-15C Moorish fortresses in Spain. Seville 1364. Toledo, Segovia.

Alchemy. Magic art of Egyptian origin attempting to transmute metals, esp lead to gold. Based on belief that all metals are a pure base metal + impurities which the philosopher’s stone can remove.

Alcibiades. c450-404BC. Athenian egoist general, Peloponnesian War. Murdered.

Alcock, John. 1892-1919. First non-stop transatlantic flight, 1919, with Brown.

Alcuin. c735-804. English Counselor to Charlemagne. Set up monastic education system in Europe.

Alden, John. c1599-1687. Pilgrim father. Married Priscilla Mullens.

Aldermaston March. 1958-64. Annual ‘Ban the Bomb’ demonstration of CND.

Aldrich, Henry. 1647-1710. English composer/architect: Peckwater Quad, Oxford, 1707-14.

Alecto. Fury of Anger.

Alemanni. 3-6C. Confederation of Germanic tribes in Swabia defeated by Clovis, 496.

Alesia. 52BC. Caesar defeats Vercingétorix, 52BC. Decisive in conquering Gaul.

Alexander. 1876-1903. Serbian King, 1889-. Scandals, authoritarianism led to assassination.

Alexander. 1888-1934. Yugoslav King, 1921-. United Serbs, Croats, Slovenes as Yugoslavia 1929. Assassinated.

Alexander, Harold (of Tunis). 1891-1969. British. Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean 1944-45. Directed Dunkirk evacuation. Governor General of Canada, 1946-52.

Alexander III. 1845-1894. Russian Czar 1881-. Established absolute rule using secret police. Temporary Rules. Franco-Russian Alliance.

Alexander VI. Pope. Demarcation Bull 1493 divided newly discovered land between Spain, Portugal. Tordesillas.

Alexander of Hales. -1245. English Franciscan Aristotelian philosopher, theologian. Summa Theologia 1246.

Alexander the Great. 356-323BC. Macedonian king 336-. Conquered an Asian empire to Persia and India.

Alexandra, Feodorovna. 1872-1918. Wife of Nicholas II of Russia. Controlled Gov’t during WWI. Cause of Revolution. Executed. Rasputin.

Alexandria. Founded 332BC by Alexander the Great. Centre of Hellenistic culture. Lighthouse one of Seven Wonders. 284BC Great Library of 700,000+ volumes. Fires 47BC, 391.

Alexandrian School. 2C. First Christian school of higher learning.

Alexis. 1629-76. Russian czar 1645-. Recognized serfdom. Northern War. Peasant Revolt 1667-71.

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