Richard I. Lion Heart. 1157-99. King of England 1189-. Led Third Crusade. Captured and ransomed.

Richard III. 1452-85. King of England 1483-. Murdered (?) nephews in tower. Killed at Bosworth by Henry VII, ending War of Roses.

Richthofen, Manfred von. 1892-1918. WWI German air ace. Downed 80 Allied planes.

Rickenbacker, Eddie. 1890-1973. US WWI flying ace.

Riel, Louis. 1844-85. Organized Métis rebellions in Red River 1869-70, Saskatchewan 1884-5. Hung.

Rijswijk, Treaty. 1697. Ended War of Grand Alliance. William III acknowledged. Territories restored.

Rimini Golden Bull. 1226. Frederick II grants sovereignty of Prussia to Teutonic knights.

Roanoke Colony. 1587. English colony of 117 settlers in Virginia disappeared. Raleigh.

Robbins, Frederick. 1916-. US physician. Discovered polio virus with Enders, Weller.

Robert Guiscard. 1015-85. Norman. Conquered and founded Two Sicilies.

Roberts, Frederick. 1832-1914. British Field Marshal. Afghan War. Boer War.

Rœntgen, Konrad. 1845-1923. German physicist, discovered X-rays 1895.

Ronsard, Pierre de. 1524-85. French Pléiade poet. Odes 1550. Amours 1552. Franciade 1572.

Rosenberg, Alfred. 1893-1946. German Nazi ideologist. Executed.

Roses, War of. 1455-85. York (white) vs Lancaster (red) for English throne. Lancaster rule ended. Henry VII (Tudor/Lancaster) married Elizabeth (York). Bosworth Field. Plantagenet.

Royal Titles Act. 1876. Declared Victoria Empress of India.

Rudolf. 1858-89. Heir to Austro-Hungarian throne. Died mysteriously. Declared a suicide.

Russian Civil War. 1918-22. Trotsky’s Red Army defeat White counter-revolutionaries. Baltic liberated.

Sabines. Ancient Italian tribe whose women were seized by Romans as wives (legend). 290BC Conquered.

Sacred Wars. 6-4C BC. Greek city-states, for control of of shrine at Delphi.

Samnite Wars. 4-3C BC. 3 wars by which Rome conquered central, south Italy.

San Francisco, Peace. 1951. Japanese 1854 borders restored.

Sand, George (Aurore Dupin). 1804-76. French writer. Lélia 1833. Mauprat 1837.

Sanskrit. Ancient, now sacred Hindu language.

Sapir, Edward. 1884-1939. Polish/US linguist. Studied North American Indian languages.

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