Pluto. Greek underworld king = Hades = Orcus = Pater Dis. Planet discovered by Tombaugh, 1930. Disney dog named after planet, 1931.

Pollaiuolo, Antonio del. 1431/2-98. Florentine bronze sculptor, painter. Pioneered dissection in anatomy. Hercules and Antaeus 1470s. Martyrdom of St. Sebastian 1475.

Pompadour, Mme de. 1721-64. Louis XV’s intelligent, beautiful mistress. Built École Militaire. Sponsored Petit Trianon, Place de la Concorde.

Pompeii. Destroyed 79 by Vesuvius eruption. Rediscovered 1592.

Pontus. 3C-66BC. Asia Minor kingdom conquered by Rome.

Porter, David. 1780-1843. US. Captured first British warship of 1812 war.

Potsdam Agreement. 1945. Truman, Stalin, Attlee agree to draw up peace treaties, reduce German industrialization, restore democracy in Europe after WWII. Outlawed Nazism. Divided Germany.

Predestination. Christian doctrine that God has pre-ordained who will be saved. Calvinism.

Prophet. Old Testament Hebrew spiritual leader, divinely inspired spokesperson. Muhammad, Moses, Jeremiah, Isaiah, Jesus.

Rahman, Mujibur. 1920-75. Bangladesh Awami Leader. Prime Minister 1972-, President 1974-. Murdered in coup.

Ramsay, William. 1852-1916. English chemist: discovered helium 1895; neon, krypton, xenon 1898.

Rasputin, Grigori. 1872-1916. Russian adventurer, mystic. Influential in court of Nicholas II, 1906-. Murdered.

Ravaillac, Francois. 1578-1610. Assassin of Henry IV. Quartered.

Red Brigade. 1970-84. Italian left-wing terrorist group. Moro.

Red Guards. 1966-69. Paramilitary student units during Chinese Cultural Revolution.

Red Hat Rebellion. 1622. Power struggle of Tibetan Buddhists. Yellow Hats prevail.

Red River Rebellion. 1869-70. Métis fail in self-determination bid. Riel.

Red Shirts. 1930. Non-violent anti-British movement in NW India.

Redi, Francesco. 1626-97. Italian naturalist. Maggots from fly eggs, not spontaneous generation, 1668.

Reforma. 1854-76. Mexican civil war. Ouster of Santa Anna. Reduced power of army, church. Tejada Law. Juárez.

Reichstag Fire. 1933. Arson. Hitler blamed “red peril” as excuse for assuming dictatorship.

Remington, Frederic. 1861-1909. US artist of western subjects.

Renaissance Music. c16C. Freer, flexible polyphony; steady, predictable rhythm. Palestrina. Gabrieli. English madrigals.

Retz, Gilles de. 1404-40. French Marshal. Joan of Arc companion. Tortured, killed 140 children. Model for Bluebeard.

Rhaetia. Roman alpine province conquered 15BC.

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