Monts, Pierre du Ghast. 1568-1630. French explorer with Champlain. Founded Portugal Royal 1605.

Moors. Moslems of northwest Africa. Invaded Spain 711. Dominated to 11C. Surrendered Grenada 1492. Exterminated by Inquisition. Expelled from Spain 1492.

Moro, Aldo. 1916-78. Italian Prime Minister 1963~76. Killed by left wing terrorist Red Brigade.

Motte and Bailey. (Mound and enclosure). Predominant form of castle 11-12C.

Moulin, Jean. 1899-1943. French patriot, founder of National Council of Resistance 1943. Tortured to death by Gestapo.

Munich Agreement. 1938. Recognition of Italian and German conquests by Chamberlain and Daladier. Dismembered Czechoslovakia. Appeasement Policy. Sudetenland.

Musset, Alfred. 1810-57. French poet. Sand lover. Confession.

Napoleon I, Bonaparte. 1769-1821. French general. Emperor of France by coup d’etat 1804-14. Disastrous Moscow campaign 1812. Defeated at Waterloo 1815. Exiled to St. Helena. Napoleonic Wars. Napoleonic Code. Hundred Days.

National Liberation Front. 1960- Vietcong organization for unification of Vietnam. 1969 Provisonal government. 1975 Conquered South Vietnam. 1976 Joined National United Front.

Neanderthal Man. 100,000-50,000BC. Skull discovered in Germany 1856.

New Hebrides. Melanesians, Polynesians. 1606 de Quiros discovers. 1768 Bougainville rediscovers. 1774 Cook charts. 1887 Joint French/English admin. 1980 -Vanuatu.

New Sweden. 1638-55. Swedish colony in North America captured by Dutch. «Delaware.

Newfoundland. Beothuk, Inuit. 10C Norse discover. 1497 Cabot rediscovers. 1583 Britain claims. 17-18C British, French dispute. 1713 British sovereignty recognized. 1855 Self-governing. 1934 Crown Colony. 1949 Canadian province.

Niagara Falls. Discovered 1678 by French priest Louis Hennepin.

Nicaea, Empire. 1204-61. Byzantine state reconquered Latin Empire to restore Byzantine Empire.

Nobel, Alfred. 1833-96. Swedish. Invented dynamite 1867. Founded Nobel Prize 1901.

Nobel Prize. Nobel legacy funded. Peace Prize and prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature. 1969 +Economics. . Declined: Le Duc Tho, Pasternak, Sartre.

North, Frederick. 1732-92. English Prime Minister during American Revolution.

Nubia. 8C BC-c300 AD. NE African kingdom conquered Egypt. Sudan.

Octavian. 63BC-14AD. 27BC Declared himself Emperor Augustus.

Odysseus. Hero of Odyssey. Conquered Troy. =Ulysses.

Oersted, Christian. 1777-1851. Danish physicist: discovered electromagnetism 1819.

Ogadai. 1185-1241. Mongol ruler 1229-41. Conquered China to Poland, Hungary.

Olive Branch Petition. 1775. Moderate Americans attempt to avoid war. Ignored by George III.

Olmütz, Treaty. 1850. Restored German Confederation under Austria.

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