Mastaba. First Dynasty Egyptian tombs. Inspired pyramids.

Mathura. Indian city sacred to Hindu as birthplace of Krsna.

Matisse, Henri. 1869-1954. French painter in Fauvist style. Coined “cubism” 1908. Red Studio 1911.

Matterhorn. 14,691 ft. First climbed in 1865 by Whymper.

Maxim, HiramPercy. 1869-1936. US inventor. Powered tricycle 1895. Columbia automobile. Gun silencer. ARRL 1914.

Mecca. Holy city of Islam. Muhammad’s birthplace. Captured by Muhammad 630. Ka’bah.

Medway, Battle. 1667. Dutch destroy British fleet. Breda Treaty.

Mehmed I. -1421. Ottoman sultan. Restored by Tamerlane; re-united Ottoman territory.

Mehmed II. 1432-81. Ottoman sultan 1451~. Captured Constantinople 1453, ending Byzantine Empire. Conquered Anatolia, Greece, Aegean, most of Syria. Re-established Ottoman Empire.

Melilla. Spanish city on Moroccan coast conquered 1497. Berbers.

Mendel, Gregor. 1822-84. Austrian abbot, botanist. Studied heredity. Genetics 1865.

Menendez de Aviles, Pedro. 1519-74. Spanish colonist. Massacred Huguenots in Florida 1565.

Mercia. 7C-877. Anglo-Saxon kingdom in central England. Conquered by Danes, Wessex.

Merrick, Joseph. 1862-90. “Elephant Man”. Severely disfigured English cripple, subject of play and film.

Messiah. Redeemer of Christianity, Judaism, Islam who would come from God to save humanity.

Metchnikov, Ilya. 1845-1916. Russian zoologist, microbiologist. Discovered phagocytosis 1886.

Methuen Treaty. 1703-1836. Reduced duty on port wine to England, textiles to Portugal. Hindered Portuguese industrial development.

Miller, William. 1782-1849. US founder of Adventists. Predicted Christ’s 2nd Coming for 1843.

Mistral, Frédéric. 1830-1914. French Provençale revival poet. Mirèi 1859. Félibrige 1878.

Moabites. Palestinian Semites. Conquered by Babylon 582BC.

Modernism. 19C Movement to reinterpret Roman Catholicism based on science, psychology. Declared heretical, 1907. Loisy. Tyrrell.

Monroe, James. 1758-1831. US President 1817-25. Florida acquired 1819. Missouri Compromise. Monroe Doctrine.

Montezuma II. 1466-1520. Aztec Emperor of Mexico 1502-. Captured by Cortez.

Montfort, Simon de. c1165-1218. French leader of crusade against Albigenses. Conquered south France.

Montfort, Simon de. c1208-65. English leader of revolt vs Henry III. Model Parliament was first representative parliament. Defeated and captured at Evesham 1265. Barons War.

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