Loisy, Alfred. 1857-1940. French Modernist religious scholar.

López de Legazpi, Miguel. -1572. Spanish explorer. Conquered Philippines, 1564.

Lotharingia. 843-870. Middle kingdom of split Carolingian Empire. Redivided.

Louis I. 778-840. Charlemagne’s son. Last Emperor of unified Carolingian Empire 814~. Twice deposed and restored.

Louis IX. St. Louis. 1214-70. French King 1226-70. Last 2 crusades. Captured on 7th Crusade. Built Ste-Chapelle, 1243, in thanks for release.

Louis XI. 1423-83. French King 1461-. Acquired Burgundy, Anjou. Postal service 1477. Arras Treaty.

Louis XVIII. 1755-1824. Bourbon. Restored to French throne by Allies 1814-. Advisory Parliament. Ultraloyalists.

Lowell, Percival. 1855-1916. US astronomer. Predicted Pluto 1905 (erroneously). PL of Pluto name after him. Studied Mars’ “canals” 1906. Schiaparelli.

Lucan. 39-65. Roman poet. Conspired vs Nero. Bellum Civile.

Lumumba, Patrice. 1925-61. Congo independence leader. First Prime Minister of Zaire 1960-. Deposed, murdered.

Lunéville, Treaty. 1801. Austria quit French Revolutionary War. Pope Pius VII restored.

Lycia. Mountain district of Anatolia. 43 conquered by Rome. Xanthos.

Macedonian Wars. 214~148BC. 4 Wars vs Rome reduced Macedonia to Roman province.

MacLeod, J.J.R. 1876-1935. Scotland. Discovered insulin with Banting, Best.

Magenta, Battle. 1859. France, Piedmont defeat Austria creating Italian Unity. Carnage led to founding of Red Cross. Eponymous dye discovered 1859.

Mahan, Alfred. 1840-1914. US naval officer/historian. Influence of Sea Power on History.

Mahavira, Vardhamana. 599-527BC. Indian founder of Jainism: -“All life is sacred”.

Majorian. -461. W Roman Emperor 457-. Tax reform. Murdered.

Malus, Étienne. 1775-1812. French physician. Discovered polarized light 1808.

Manet, Édouard. 1832-83. French Pre-Impressionist painter. Olympia 1863. Déjeuner sur l’herbe 1863, triggered Impressionism. Folies-Bergères 1882. Monet.

Manfred. 1232-66. Sicilian king 1258-. Opposed papal authority.

Marat, Jean-Paul. 1743-1793. Bloodthirsty French revolutionary, murdered by Charlotte Corday.

Marmont, Auguste. 1774-1852. French Marshal. Surrendered Paris 1814 causing Napoleon to abdicate.

Marryat, Frederick. 1792-1848. English adventure writer of energetic seafaring stories. Midshipman Easy 1836.

Marshall, James. 1810-85. Discovered gold 1848. California Gold Rush 1849.

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