Faisal II. 1935-58. Pro-western last Iraqi king 1939-. Killed in coup.

Filioque. “and from the son” added to Nicene Creed in 6C, causing East-West Schism.

France. 6C BC Celt, Greek colonies. 51BC Rome. 3-5C Franks, Visigoths inv. 481 Merovingian emp. 751 Carolingian. 843 Split = W Frankish Kingdom. 987 Capetian. 1016 + Burgundy. 1378 Valois dyn. 1589 Bourbon dyn. 1792 Republic. 1799 Consulate. 1804 Empire. 1814 Monarchy rest. 1848 2nd Republic. 1852 2nd Empire. 1870 3rd Republic. 1940 German occupation. 1946 4th Republic. 1958 5th Republic.

Frankish Kingdom, West. 843. Division of Carolingian Empire. ≈modern France. Franks.

French West Africa. 1895-1958. Dahomey, Guinea, Mali, Ivory Coast, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Burkino Faso.

Frobisher, Martin. 1535-94. British navigator in search of North-West passage 1576.

Frontier. Moving US boundary between developed east and unsettled west. Opportunity for adventureres, explorers, pioneers.

German South-West Africa. 1884 Protectorate. 1892-1919 Colony. Namibia.

Germany, Federal Republic of. (FRG). 1949-90 West Germany. 1955 NATO. 1990 +GDR =Germany.

Ghana, Ancient. Trading empire c300-1200. ≈southeast Mauritania + west Mali.

Golden Horde. 1250-1395. Mongol Empire in west Russia.

Great Schism. 1054. East-West Schism. 1378-1417. Period of rival Popes in Rome, Avignon, following Avignon Papacy.

Greeley, Horace. 1811-72. US founder of New Yorker, NY Tribune. Slavery critic. -“Go west, young man!”

Grenada. 1498 Columbus discovers. 1651 French colony. 1763 English. 1876 Crown Colony. 1958 Fed of West Indies. 1967 Self-government. 1983 US invades to prevent Marxist insurrection.

Hanno. 5C BC. Carthaginian. Established colonies in West Africa.

Hearn, Lafcadio. 1850-1904. Translator; brought Japanese culture to West.

Helsinki Accords. 1975. Human rights, freedom, co-operation. Reduced East-West tensions.

Hindenburg Line. 1917. German army’s Western Front. Breached 1918.

Holy Roman Empire. 962-1806. Germanic Empire with elected king. Successor to Western Roman Empire. Geographically: Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, Austria; most of Italy, Bohemia; part of France. Hapsburg. Austrian Empire.

Honorius Flavius. 384-423. Roman Emperor of the West 393-. Rome sacked by Visigoths 410.

Houphouët-Boigny, Félix. 1905-93. West African leader. President of Ivory Coast 1960-.

Hudson’s Bay Company. 1670-. England. Explored Canada. Sought NW passage. Trading posts. Fur trade. Monopoly 1821-58. Seven Oaks Massacre.

Hutterites. 16C-. Communal Hungarian Anabaptist sect. 1870s moved to Western North America.

Iberia. c6C-65BC. Kingdom in southwest Russia.

Indian Territory. 1834. Originally all territory west of Mississippi. Later, reservations in Oklahoma.

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