Ephor. 8C BC. Magistrate of Sparta or other Dorian cities.

Epimetheus. Pandora’s husband.

Galapagos. 1535 Berlanga discovers for Spain. 1832 Ecuador. 1835 Darwin visits.

Gericault, Théodore. 1791-1824. French painter. First Romantic. Officers 1812. Raft of Medusa 1819.

German Movement. 18C Nationalist cultural movement. Lessing, Goethe, Schiller.

Gothic Architecture. 12-15C. Began with French cathedrals and spread over N Europe. Pointed arches, rib vaulting, flying buttresses. Stability achieved with balance rather than mass. Airy lightness. St. Denis 1140. Notre Dame Cathedral. Tudor.

Gran Colombia. 1819-30. Bolivar’s independent republic of former Spanish colonies. Colombia, Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador. New Granada.

Greece. c3000BC Minoan(Crete). c1500BC Achaean. 11C Aeolian, Ionian. c1100 Dorian. 683 Athens monarchy. 404 Sparta. 371 Thebes. 338 Macedonia...Alexander. 197BC Rome...Byzantine. 1453 AD Ottoman. 1829 Independent kingdom. 1912 +Crete. 1924 Republic. 1935 Constitutional Monarchy. 1973 Republic. 1981 EEC. 1994 EU.

Henry VII. 1457-1509. First Tudor King of England 1485-. Defeated Richard III at Bosworth Field, 1485. Ended War of Roses. United Lancasters, Yorks.

Herzl, Theodor. 1860-1904. Hungarian/Austrian writer. Founder of Zionism. The Jewish State 1896.

Heuss, Theodor. 1884-1963. First President of German Federal Republic, 1949-59.

Hidalgo, Miguel. 1753-1811. Led Mexican Revolution with Allende.

Isidore of Seville, St. 560-636. Spanish bishop, encyclopedist. Etymologiae. De Natura Rerum.

Jacobean Architecture. 1600-1625. English Tudor style refined, restrained and harmonized. U and H plans. Jones.

Jimenez de Quesada, Gonzalo. c1495-1579. Spanish conquistador. Founded Bogota, Colombia.

Karman, Theodore von. 1881-1963. US mathematical aerodynamicist.

LaCierva y Codorniu, Juan de. 1895-1936. Spanish. Invented autogiro 1923. First vertical take-off 1934.

Laconia. 1400BC Mycenae. 1100 Dorian. 195BC Achaean L. 146BC Rome. 267 Visigoth. 587 Slavs. 805 Byzantine. 1829 Greece.

Laxness, Halldór. 1902-98. Icelandic writer. Weaver of Cashmere 1927. Independent People 1935.

Leonardo da Vinci. 1452-1519. Florentine painter, writer, sculptor, scientist. Prototypical Renaissance Man. Sfumato. Laws of Flight. Adoration of Magi 1479. Last Supper 1495. Mona Lisa 1503. Parachute 1480.

Lessing, Doris. 1919-. Iran./Rhodesian/British novelist. The Children of Violence 1964.

Louis d’Or. 1641-1795. French gold coin.

Mary I. Bloody Mary. 1516-58. Tudor queen of England 1553-. Married Philip II of Spain. Reinstated Roman Catholicism 1555. Persecuted Protestants. Lost Calais.

Mary Tudor. 1496-1533. Daughter of Henry VII, married Louis XII of France.

Mommsen, Theodor. 1817-1903. German historian. History of Rome 1854.

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